Skip to main content
Chemistry LibreTexts

10.9: Exercises

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    289422

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    10.2:  The Electromagnetic Spectrum

    1. The laser on a Blu-ray player has a wavelength of 405 nm. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this radiation? 
    Answer

    Ultra-violet (UV)

     

    1. Choose the correct word for the following statement. Blue light has a (longer or shorter) wavelength than red light.
    Answer

    shorter

     

    1. Choose the correct word for the following statement. Yellow light has a (higher or lower) frequency than blue light. 
    Answer

    lower

     

    1. Choose the correct word for the following statement. Green light has a (larger or smaller) energy than red light.
    Answer

    larger

     

    1. If "light A" has a longer wavelength than "light B", then "light A" has _______________ "light B".
      1. a lower frequency than
      2. a higher frequency than
      3. the same frequency as
    Answer

    a lower frequency than

     

    1. If "light C" has a shorter wavelength than "light D", then "light C" has _______________ "light D".
      1. a larger energy than
      2. a smaller energy than
      3. the same energy as
    Answer

    a larger energy than

     

    1. If "light E" has a higher frequency than "light F", then "light E" has __________________ "light F".
      1. a longer wavelength than
      2. a shorter wavelength than
      3. the same wavelength as
    Answer

    a shorter wavelength than

     

    1. If "light G" has a higher frequency than "light H", then "light G" has __________________ "light H".
      1. a larger energy than
      2. a smaller energy than
      3. the same energy as
    Answer

    a larger energy than

     

    1. If "light J" has larger energy than "light K", then "light J" has __________________ "light K".
      1. a shorter wavelength than
      2. a longer wavelength than
      3. the same wavelength as
    Answer

    a shorter wavelength than

     

    1. Which of the following statements is true?
      1. The frequency of green light is higher than the frequency of blue light and the wavelength of green light is longer than the wavelength of blue light.
      2. The frequency of green light is higher than the frequency of blue light and the wavelength of green light is shorter than the wavelength of blue light.
      3. The frequency of green light is lower than the frequency of blue light and the wavelength of green light is shorter than the wavelength of blue light.
      4. The frequency of green light is lower than the frequency of blue light and the wavelength of green light is longer than the wavelength of blue light.
      5. The frequency of green light is the same as the frequency of blue light and the wavelength of green light is shorter than the wavelength of blue light.
    Answer

    Statement d is true.

     

    1. As the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation increases:
      1. its energy increases.
      2. its frequency increases.
      3. its speed increases.
      4. more than one of the above statements is true.
      5. none of the above statements is true.
    Answer

    e. none of the above statements is true.

     

    10.3:  Emission Spectra

    1. The light produced by a red neon sign is due to the emission of light by excited neon atoms. Qualitatively describe the spectrum produced by passing light from a neon lamp through a prism.
    Answer

    The spectrum consists of colored lines, at least one of which (probably the brightest) is red.

     

    1. The spectra of hydrogen and of magnesium are shown in Section 10.3. What causes the lines in these spectra? Why are the colors of the lines different? Suggest a reason for the observation that the spectrum of magnesium is more complicated than the spectrum of hydrogen.
    Answer

    The lines are caused by electrons dropping to lower energy levels. The colors are different because the electrons have different energies possible in the hydrogen and magnesium. One reason why the spectrum of magnesium could be more complicated is because it has more electrons than hydrogen.

     

    10.4:  The Bohr Model

    1. According to the Bohr model, electrons in an atom can only have certain, allowable energies. As a result, we say that the energies of these electrons are _______.
    Answer

    quantized

     

    1. What does it mean to say that the energy of the electrons in an atom is quantized?
    Answer

    Quantized energy means that the electrons can possess only certain discrete energy values; values between those quantized values are not permitted.

     

    1. How are the Bohr model and the Rutherford model of the atom similar? How are they different?
    Answer

    Both have a small, heavy nucleus with the electrons moving around it. The Rutherford model has the electrons moving in orbits, much like a miniature solar system. However, the electrons will lose energy as they travel and move closer and closer to the nucleus. The amount of energy will change as they get closer to the nucleus so they will not emit discrete lines. The Bohr model also has the electrons moving in orbits. However, they are confined to specific energy values and only absorb or emit energy as they jump between levels, creating discrete line spectra.

     

    10.6:  Valence Electrons

    1. How many valence electrons are in one atom of the following elements?
      1. nitrogen
      2. calcium
      3. xenon
      4. boron
    Answer
    1. 5
    2. 2
    3. 8
    4. 3

     

    1. How many valence electrons are in one atom of elements in the following groups?
      1. group VIA or 16
      2. group IA or 1
      3. group VIIA or 17
      4. group IVA or 14
    Answer
    1. 6
    2. 1
    3. 7
    4. 4

     

    10.7:  Periodic Trends

    1. Describe the atomic size trend for the rows in the Periodic Table.
    Answer

    Atoms get smaller as one moves from left to right across a row on the periodic table due to an increase in the number of protons.

     

    1. Describe the atomic size trend for the columns on the Periodic Table.
    Answer

    Atoms get larger as one moves down a column on the periodic table because the valence electrons are in higher energy levels which are farther from the nucleus.

     

    1. Which of the following would be smaller?
      1. In or Ga
      2. K or Cs
      3. Te or Po
    Answer
    1. Ga
    2. K
    3. Te

     

    1. Explain in your own words why Iodine is larger than Bromine.
    Answer

    Iodine is larger than bromine because it is farther down on the periodic table. Thus, its valence electrons are in a higher energy level that is farther from the nucleus.

     

    1. Which of the following would have the largest atomic radii?
      1. Si
      2. C
      3. Sn
      4. Pb
    Answer

    Pb

     

    1. Arrange the following in order of increasing atomic radii: Tl, B, Ga, Al, In.
    Answer

    B < Al < Ga < In < Tl

     

    1. Arrange the following in order of increasing atomic radii: Ge, Sn, C.
    Answer

    C < Ge < Sn

     

    1. Which of the following would be larger?
      1. Rb or Sn
      2. Ca or As
    Answer
    1. Rb
    2. Ca

     

    1. Place the following in order of increasing atomic radii: Mg, Cl, S, Na.
    Answer

    Cl < S < Mg < Na

     

    1. Which of the following would have the largest atomic radii?
      1. Sr
      2. Sn
      3. Rb
      4. In
    Answer

    Rb

     

    1. Which of the following would have the smallest atomic radii?
      1. K
      2. Kr
      3. Ga
      4. Ge
    Answer

    Kr

     

    1. Place the following elements in order of increasing atomic radii: In, Ca, Mg, Sb, Xe.
    Answer

    Mg < Ca < Xe < Sb < In

     

    1. Place the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radii: Al, Ge, Sr, Bi, Cs.
    Answer

    Cs > Bi > Sr > Ge > Al

     

    1. Which of the following would have the largest ionization energy?
      1. Na
      2. Al
      3. H
      4. He
    Answer

    He

     

    1. Which of the following would have the smallest ionization energy?
      1. K
      2. P
      3. S
      4. Ca
    Answer

    K

     

    1. Place the following elements in order of increasing ionization energy: Na, O, Ne, K.
    Answer

    K < Na < O < Ne

     

    1. Place the following elements in order of decreasing ionization energy: N, Si, P, Mg, He.
    Answer

    He > N > P > Si > Mg

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest atomic radius: Mg, Sr, Si, Cl, I.
    Answer

    Cl

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest atomic radius: Li, Rb, N, F, I.
    Answer

    Rb

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the largest first ionization energy: Mg, Ba, B, O, Te.
    Answer

    O

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, predict which has the smallest first ionization energy: Li, Cs, N, F, I.
    Answer

    Cs

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing metallic character: F, Li, N, Rb
    Answer

    F < N < Li < Rb

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, rank the following atoms in order of increasing metallic character: Mg, O, S, Si
    Answer

    O < S < Si < Mg

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of decreasing metallic character: Mg, Ca, Rb, Cs.
    Answer

    Cs > Rb > Ca > Mg

     

    1. Based on their positions in the periodic table, list the following atoms in order of decreasing metallic character: Sr, Ca, Si, Cl.
    Answer

    Sr > Ca > Si > Cl

     

     

    This page was adapted from "Beginning Chemistry (Ball)" by LibreTexts and "Chemistry (OpenStax)" by LibreTexts and is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Vicki MacMurdo (Anoka-Ramsey Community College) and Lance S. Lund (Anoka-Ramsey Community College)

    10.9: Exercises is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

    1. Back to top
    • Was this article helpful?

    Recommended articles

    1. Article type
      Section or Page
      Show Page TOC
      no on page
    2. Tags
      1. source[1]-chem-52964
      2. source[2]-chem-52964