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Synthesis of Aldehydes & Ketones

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    55196
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    Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared using a wide variety of reactions. Although these reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections, they are listed here as a summary and to help with planning multistep synthetic pathways. Please use the appropriate links to see more details about the reactions.

    Oxidation of 1o alcohols with PCC to form aldehydes

    1a.jpg

    Hydration of an alkyne to form aldehydes

    Anti-Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne forms an aldehyde. The addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne causes tautomerization which subsequently forms a carbonyl.

    2.jpg

    Reduction of an ester, acid chloride or nitrile to form aldehydes

    3.jpg

    5.jpg

    4.jpg

    Oxidation of 2o alcohols to form ketones

    Typically uses Jones reagent (CrO3 in H2SO4) but many other reagents can be used

    6.jpg

    Hydration of an alkyne to form ketones

    The addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne causes tautomerization which subsequently forms a carbonyl. Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group to an alkyne forms a ketone.

    7.jpg

    Friedel-Crafts acylation to form a ketone

    8.jpg

    Reaction of Grignard reagents with nitriles to form ketones

    9.jpg

    Alkenes can be cleaved using ozone (O3) to form aldehydes and/or ketones

    10.jpg

    This is an example of a Ozonolysis reaction.

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    Synthesis of Aldehydes & Ketones is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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