Amino acid catabolism
- Page ID
- 395037
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
Sections/problems listed with an asterisk (*) do not discuss the exact reaction indicated, but do discuss a closely related reaction.
- Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1, EC 2.6.1.2) Section 14.4E
- Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.16) P12. 4
- Ornithine transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.3) Section 12.2A,B*
- Argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) Section 12.6, Section 14.1D
- Arginosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) Section 14.1D
- Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) P12.16
Glycine (glycine cleavage system)
- Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.4.4.2) P16.4b
- Aminomethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.10) C11.5
Alanine (to pyruvate and glutamate):
- Alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) Section 14.4E
Serine
- (to pyruvate): Serine dehydratase (EC 4.3.1.17) Section 13.1B, Section 14.4F
- (to glycine): Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) Section 11.6D, Section 14.4D
Cysteine (to pyruvate)
- Cysteine dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.20) not covered
- Aspartate aminotransferase (2.6.1.1) Section 14.4E
Threonine
pathway 1 (to glycine and acetyl CoA):
- Threonine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.103) Section 16.4D*
- Glycine C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.29) Section 14.4D
pathway 2 (to glycine and acetaldehyde):
- Threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5) Section 14.4D*, P14.10a
pathway 3 (to succinyl-CoA via propionyl CoA):
- Threonine dehydratase (EC 4.3.1.19) P14.2
- 2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.4) Section 16.12B*
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) Section 13.5D*, P13.2*
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) not covered
Tryptophan (to glutaryl-CoA)
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) not covered
- Arylformamidase (EC 3.5.1.19) Chapter 12*
- Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.9) Section 16.10
- Kynurenimase (EC 3.7.1.3) P14.10b
- 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6) not covered
- Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) Section 13.5C*, P13.5a
- 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.32) Section 16.4D*, P16.2a
- 2-aminomuconate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.5) Section 11.6*, P11.1
- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) Section 16.12B*
Asparagine (to aspartate)
- Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) Chapter 12*
Aspartate
- (to oxaloacetate): Aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) Section 14.4E
- (to fumarate): Aspartate-ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.1) P14.3
Glutamine (to glutamate)
- Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) Chapter 12
Glutamate (to alpha-ketoglutarate):
- Glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) Section 16.4D
Arginine (to glutamate):
- Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) P12.16b
- Ornithine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.13) Section 14.4E*
- Glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.41) Section 16.4D
Histidine (to glutamate):
- Histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) C14.5
- Urocanate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.49) C16.1
- Imidazolonepropionase (EC 3.5.2.7) Chapter 12*
- Formimidoylglutamase (EC 3.5.3.8) P11.13b
Valine, isoleucine, leucine:
- Branched chain amino acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.42) Section 14.4E*
- Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (EC 1.2.4.4) Section 16.12B*
- Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (eg. EC 1.3.99.13) Section 16.5C, Section 17.3C
valine (to succinyl CoA):
- Enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) P16.9
- 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.4) P16.9
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.31) P16.9
- Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (1.2.1.27) P16.9
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) Section 13.5D*, P13.2*
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) not covered
isoleucine (to succinyl CoA and acetyl CoA):
- Enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) P16.9
- Methyl-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.178) Section 16.4*
- 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16) Section 13.4B*
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) Section 13.5D*, P13.2*
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) not covered
leucine (to acetyl CoA)
- Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4) Section 13.5*
- Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.18) Section 14.1*
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (EC 4.1.3.4) Section 13.3C*
Methionine (to cysteine and succinyl-CoA):
- Methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6) E9.1
- Methyltransferase (eg. 2.1.1.37) Section 9.1A
- Adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) Section 14.1A
- Cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) Section 14.4G*
- Cystathionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1) Section 14.4G
- 2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.4) Section 16.12B*
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) Section 13.5D*, P13.2*
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (EC 5.4.99.2) not covered
Lysine (to glutaryl-CoA)
- Saccharopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.8) P11.6, P16.7a
- Saccharopine reductase (EC 1.5.1.10) P11.7, P16.7b
- Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.31) Section 16.4D*
- 2-aminoadipate transaminase (EC2.6.1.39) Section 14.4E*
- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) Section 16.12B*
Phenylalanine (to tyrosine):
- Phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) not covered
Tyrosine (to fumarate and acetoacetate):
- Tyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5) Section 14.4E*
- 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) not covered
- Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.5) not covered
- Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (EC 5.2.1.2) Section 14.2A*
- Fumarylacetoacetase (EC 3.7.1.2) Section 13.4B*