Molecular Examples

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Coordination Number 2

The linear [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ ion

Although [Ag(en)]ClO₄ involves a normally bidentate ligand, in this case the structure is polymeric and the silver ion still retains a CN=2 with the N atoms (from different ligands) at ~180 degrees to each other.

Coordination Number 3

Trigonal planar - D_3h

[Cu(CN)₃]^2-

[Cu(PPh₃)₂Br]

To help view more easily, the H atoms are turned off.

Trigonal pyramid

T-shaped

[Rh(PPh₃)₃]⁺

To help view more easily, the H atoms are turned off.

Coordination Number 4

Tetrahedral

Copyr₂Cl₂

Square Planar

cisplatin - cis-Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂

The cis- isomer is a powerful anti-cancer drug whereas the trans- is inactive.

Coordination Number 5

Square pyramid

Trigonal Bipyramid

[Ni(CN)₅]^3-

Coordination Number 6

Hexagonal planar

Trigonal prism

tris(cis-1,2-diphenylethene-1,2-dithiolato)rhenium

The ReS6 geometry is perfectly trigonal prismatic.

Octahedral

Hexol

The first 'truly' inorganic complex to be resolved into its optical isomers.

[Co(en)₃]Cl₃

The classic example of optical isomerism in octahedral coordination complexes (H atoms not shown).

[Co(NH₃)₅CO₃]⁺

Coordination Number 7

Capped octahedron (C_3v)

K₃[NbOF₆]

Capped trigonal prism (C_2v)

[V(III)(Hedta)(H₂O)]H₂O

Pentagonal Bipyramid (D_5h)

bis-(tert-butylacac)₂(DMSO)di-oxoUranium

The UO7 geometry fits a pentagonal bipyramid.

Coordination Number 8

Dodecahedron (D_2d)

Zr(acac)₂(NO₃)₂

[Zr(C₂O₄)₄]^4- is reported to have this shape as well.

Cube (O_h)

Square antiprism (D_4d)

U(acac)₄

Hexagonal bipyramid (D_6h)

UO₂(OAc)₃

Coordination Number 9

Three-face centred trigonal prism (D_3h)

Hydrated salts of the lanthanide elements eg Eu(H₂O)₉]³⁺

Coordination Number 10

Bicapped square antiprism (D_4d)

Tetrakis(nitrato-O,O')-bis(triphenylphosphine oxide) cerium(IV)

Another example is [Ce(NO₃)₅]^2-

Coordination Number 11

All-faced capped trigonal prism (D_3h)

This is not a common stereochemistry.
In aqua-(12-crown-4)-tris(nitrato-O,O')-cerium(III) (12-crown-4) solvate and (15-crown-5)-tris(nitrato-O,O')-cerium(III) the Cerium ion is 11 coordinate.

Coordination Number 12

cuboctahedron (Oh)

Ceric ammonium nitrate -(NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆

Contributors and Attributions

Prof. Robert J. Lancashire (The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies)