Questions and Problems

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Access to and use of the internet is assumed in answering all questions including general information, statistics, constants, and mathematical formulas required to solve problems. These questions are designed to promote inquiry and thought rather than just finding material in the text. So in some cases there may be several “right” answers. Therefore, if your answer reflects intellectual effort and a search for information from available sources, your answer can be considered to be “right.”

1. What are two major reactions of alkanes?

2. What is the difference between molecular formulas and structural formulas of organic compounds?

3. What is the difference between ethane and the ethyl group?

4. What is the structural formula of 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane?

5. What is a type of reaction that is possible with alkenes, but not with alkanes?

6. What is represented by the structure below?

7. Suggest a name for the compound below, which is derived from the hydrocarbon toluene

8. What is a health concern with the aromatic compound below:

9. What do the groups of atoms outlined by dashed lines represent in the structure below?

Figure 6.4, what are the similarities and differences between organic oxides and ethers.

11. What are 3 separate kinds of groups characteristic of organonitrogen compounds?

12. What is a class of organochlorine compounds consisting of many different kinds of molecules that is noted for environmental persistence?

13. What is a notable characteristic of organosulfur thiols?

14. What is a particularly toxic organophosphorus compound? What is a biochemical molecule containing phosphorus?

15. What are polymers and why are they important?

16. Examination of the formulas of many of the monomers used to make polymers reveals a common characteristic. What is this characteristic and how does it enable polymer formation? Does nylon illustrate a different pathway to monomer formation? Explain.

17. Write the complete structural formulas corresponding to each of the line structures below:

18. Some of the most troublesome organic pollutant compounds are organochlorine compounds including the “dirty dozen” persistent organic pollutants mentioned in this chapter. Organohalides involving a halogen other than chlorine are emerging as significant pollutants. Doing some research on the internet, find which class of compounds these are and why they are significant pollutants.