A6: Atomic Ionization Energies
- Page ID
- 11260
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Ionization energy is the quantity of energy that an isolated, gaseous atom in the ground electronic state must absorb to discharge an electron, resulting in a gaseous cation.
\[ H(g) \rightarrow H^+(g) + e^- \]
These tables list values of molar ionization energies, measured in kJ mol-1.
| number | symbol | name | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | hydrogen | 2372.3 | 5250.5 | ||||||||
| 3 | Li | lithium | 520.2 | 7298.1 | 11815.0 | |||||||
| 4 | Be | beryllium | 899.5 | 1757.1 | 14848.7 | 21006.6 | ||||||
| 5 | B | boron | 800.6 | 2427.1 | 3659.7 | 25025.8 | 32826.7 | |||||
| 6 | C | carbon | 1086.5 | 2352.6 | 4620.5 | 6222.7 | 37831 | 47277.0 | ||||
| 7 | N | nitrogen | 1402.3 | 2856 | 4578.1 | 7475.0 | 9444.9 | 53266.6 | 64360 | |||
| 8 | O | oxygen | 1313.9 | 3388.3 | 5300.5 | 7469.2 | 10989.5 | 13326.5 | 71330 | 84078.0 | ||
| 9 | F | fluorine | 1681.0 | 3374.2 | 6050.4 | 8407.7 | 11022.7 | 15164.1 | 17868 | 92038.1 | 106434.3 | |
| 10 | Ne | neon | 2080.7 | 3952.3 | 6122 | 9371 | 12177 | 15238 | 19999.0 | 23069.5 | 115379.5 | 131432 |
| 11 | Na | sodium | 495.8 | 4562 | 6910.3 | 9543 | 13354 | 16613 | 20117 | 25496 | 28932 | 141362 |
| 12 | Mg | magnesium | 737.7 | 1450.7 | 7732.7 | 10542.5 | 13630 | 18020 | 21711 | 25661 | 31653 | 35458 |
| 13 | Al | aluminium | 577.5 | 1816.7 | 2744.8 | 11577 | 14842 | 18379 | 23326 | 27465 | 31853 | 38473 |
| 14 | Si | silicon | 786.5 | 1577.1 | 3231.6 | 4355.5 | 16091 | 19805 | 23780 | 29287 | 33878 | 38726 |
| 15 | P | phosphorus | 1011.8 | 1907 | 2914.1 | 4963.6 | 6273.9 | 21267 | 25431 | 29872 | 35905 | 40950 |
| 16 | S | sulfur | 999.6 | 2252 | 3357 | 4556 | 7004.3 | 8495.8 | 27107 | 31719 | 36621 | 43177 |
| 17 | Cl | chlorine | 1251.2 | 2298 | 3822 | 5158.6 | 6542 | 9362 | 11018 | 33604 | 38600 | 43961 |
| 18 | Ar | argon | 1520.6 | 2665.8 | 3931 | 5771 | 7238 | 8781 | 11995 | 13842 | 40760 | 46186 |
| 19 | K | potassium | 418.8 | 3052 | 4420 | 5877 | 7975 | 9590 | 11343 | 14944 | 16963.7 | 48610 |
| 20 | Ca | calcium | 589.8 | 1145.4 | 4912.4 | 6491 | 8153 | 10496 | 12270 | 14206 | 18191 | 20385 |
| 21 | Sc | scandium | 633.1 | 1235.0 | 2388.6 | 7090.6 | 8843 | 10679 | 13310 | 15250 | 17370 | 21726 |
| 22 | Ti | titanium | 658.8 | 1309.8 | 2652.5 | 4174.6 | 9581 | 11533 | 13590 | 16440 | 18530 | 20833 |
| 23 | V | vanadium | 650.9 | 1414 | 2830 | 4507 | 6298.7 | 12363 | 14530 | 16730 | 19860 | 22240 |
| 24 | Cr | chromium | 652.9 | 1590.6 | 2987 | 4743 | 6702 | 8744.9 | 15455 | 17820 | 20190 | 23580 |
| 25 | Mn | manganese | 717.3 | 1509.0 | 3248 | 4940 | 6990 | 9220 | 11500 | 18770 | 21400 | 23960 |
| 26 | Fe | iron | 762.5 | 1561.9 | 2957 | 5290 | 7240 | 9560 | 12060 | 14580 | 22540 | 25290 |
| 27 | Co | cobalt | 760.4 | 1648 | 3232 | 4950 | 7670 | 9840 | 12440 | 15230 | 17959 | 26570 |
| 28 | Ni | nickel | 737.1 | 1753.0 | 3395 | 5300 | 7339 | 10400 | 12800 | 15600 | 18600 | 21670 |
| 29 | Cu | copper | 745.5 | 1957.9 | 3555 | 5536 | 7700 | 9900 | 13400 | 16000 | 19200 | 22400 |
| 30 | Zn | zinc | 906.4 | 1733.3 | 3833 | 5731 | 7970 | 10400 | 12900 | 16800 | 19600 | 23000 |
| 31 | Ga | gallium | 578.8 | 1979.3 | 2963 | 6180 | ||||||
| 32 | Ge | germanium | 762 | 1537.5 | 3302.1 | 4411 | 9020 | |||||
| 33 | As | arsenic | 947.0 | 1798 | 2735 | 4837 | 6043 | 12310 | ||||
| 34 | Se | selenium | 941.0 | 2045 | 2973.7 | 4144 | 6590 | 7880 | 14990 | |||
| 35 | Br | bromine | 1139.9 | 2103 | 3470 | 4560 | 5760 | 8550 | 9940 | 18600 | ||
| 36 | Kr | krypton | 1350.8 | 2350.4 | 3565 | 5070 | 6240 | 7570 | 10710 | 12138 | 22274 | 25880 |
| 37 | Rb | rubidium | 403.0 | 2633 | 3860 | 5080 | 6850 | 8140 | 9570 | 13120 | 14500 | 26740 |
| 38 | Sr | strontium | 549.5 | 1064.2 | 4138 | 5500 | 6910 | 8760 | 10230 | 11800 | 15600 | 17100 |
| 39 | Y | yttrium | 600 | 1180 | 1980 | 5847 | 7430 | 8970 | 11190 | 12450 | 14110 | 18400 |
| 40 | Zr | zirconium | 640.1 | 1270 | 2218 | 3313 | 7752 | 9500 | ||||
| 41 | Nb | niobium | 652.1 | 1380 | 2416 | 3700 | 4877 | 9847 | 12100 | |||
| 42 | Mo | molybdenum | 684.3 | 1560 | 2618 | 4480 | 5257 | 6640.8 | 12125 | 13860 | 15835 | 17980 |
| 43 | Tc | technetium | 702 | 1470 | 2850 | |||||||
| 44 | Ru | ruthenium | 710.2 | 1620 | 2747 | |||||||
| 45 | Rh | rhodium | 719.7 | 1740 | 2997 | |||||||
| 46 | Pd | palladium | 804.4 | 1870 | 3177 | |||||||
| 47 | Ag | silver | 731.0 | 2070 | 3361 | |||||||
| 48 | Cd | cadmium | 867.8 | 1631.4 | 3616 | |||||||
| 49 | In | indium | 558.3 | 1820.7 | 2704 | 5210 | ||||||
| 50 | Sn | tin | 708.6 | 1411.8 | 2943.0 | 3930.3 | 7456 | |||||
| 51 | Sb | antimony | 834 | 1594.9 | 2440 | 4260 | 5400 | 10400 | ||||
| 52 | Te | tellurium | 869.3 | 1790 | 2698 | 3610 | 5668 | 6820 | 13200 | |||
| 53 | I | iodine | 1008.4 | 1845.9 | 3180 | |||||||
| 54 | Xe | xenon | 1170.4 | 2046.4 | 3099.4 | |||||||
| 55 | Cs | caesium | 375.7 | 2234.3 | 3400 | |||||||
| 56 | Ba | barium | 502.9 | 965.2 | 3600 | |||||||
| 57 | La | lanthanum | 538.1 | 1067 | 1850.3 | 4819 | 5940 | |||||
| 58 | Ce | cerium | 534.4 | 1050 | 1949 | 3547 | 6325 | 7490 | ||||
| 59 | Pr | praseodymium | 527 | 1020 | 2086 | 3761 | 5551 | |||||
| 60 | Nd | neodymium | 533.1 | 1040 | 2130 | 3900 | ||||||
| 61 | Pm | promethium | 540 | 1050 | 2150 | 3970 | ||||||
| 62 | Sm | samarium | 544.5 | 1070 | 2260 | 3990 | ||||||
| 63 | Eu | europium | 547.1 | 1085 | 2404 | 4120 | ||||||
| 64 | Gd | gadolinium | 593.4 | 1170 | 1990 | 4250 | ||||||
| 65 | Tb | terbium | 565.8 | 1110 | 2114 | 3839 | ||||||
| 66 | Dy | dysprosium | 573.0 | 1130 | 2200 | 3990 | ||||||
| 67 | Ho | holmium | 581.0 | 1140 | 2204 | 4100 | ||||||
| 68 | Er | erbium | 589.3 | 1150 | 2194 | 4120 | ||||||
| 69 | Tm | thulium | 596.7 | 1160 | 2285 | 4120 | ||||||
| 70 | Yb | ytterbium | 603.4 | 1174.8 | 2417 | 4203 | ||||||
| 71 | Lu | lutetium | 523.5 | 1340 | 2022.3 | 4370 | 6445 | |||||
| 72 | Hf | hafnium | 658.5 | 1440 | 2250 | 3216 | ||||||
| 73 | Ta | tantalum | 761 | 1500 | ||||||||
| 74 | W | tungsten | 770 | 1700 | ||||||||
| 75 | Re | rhenium | 760 | 1260 | 2510 | 3640 | ||||||
| 76 | Os | osmium | 840 | 1600 | ||||||||
| 77 | Ir | iridium | 880 | 1600 | ||||||||
| 78 | Pt | platinum | 870 | 1791 | ||||||||
| 79 | Au | gold | 890.1 | 1980 | ||||||||
| 80 | Hg | mercury | 1007.1 | 1810 | 3300 | |||||||
| 81 | Tl | thallium | 589.4 | 1971 | 2878 | |||||||
| 82 | Pb | lead | 715.6 | 1450.5 | 3081.5 | 4083 | 6640 | |||||
| 83 | Bi | bismuth | 703 | 1610 | 2466 | 4370 | 5400 | 8520 | ||||
| 84 | Po | polonium | 812.1 | |||||||||
| 85 | At | astatine | 899.003 | |||||||||
| 86 | Rn | radon | 1037 | |||||||||
| 87 | Fr | francium | 380 | |||||||||
| 88 | Ra | radium | 509.3 | 979.0 | ||||||||
| 89 | Ac | actinium | 499 | 1170 | 1900 | 4700 | ||||||
| 90 | Th | thorium | 587 | 1110 | 1978 | 2780 | ||||||
| 91 | Pa | protactinium | 568 | 1128 | 2991 | |||||||
| 92 | U | uranium | 597.6 | 1420 | 1900 | 3145 | ||||||
| 93 | Np | neptunium | 604.5 | 1128 | 1997 | 3242 | ||||||
| 94 | Pu | plutonium | 584.7 | 1128 | 2084 | 3338 | ||||||
| 95 | Am | americium | 578 | 1158 | 2132 | 3493 | ||||||
| 96 | Cm | curium | 581 | 1196 | 2026 | 3550 | ||||||
| 97 | Bk | berkelium | 601 | 1186 | 2152 | 3434 | ||||||
| 98 | Cf | californium | 608 | 1206 | 2267 | 3599 | ||||||
| 99 | Es | einsteinium | 619 | 1216 | 2334 | 3734 | ||||||
| 100 | Fm | fermium | 627 | 1225 | 2363 | 3792 | ||||||
| 101 | Md | mendelevium | 635 | 1235 | 2470 | 3840 | ||||||
| 102 | No | nobelium | 642 | 1254 | 2643 | 3956 | ||||||
| 103 | Lr | lawrencium | 470 | 1428 | 2228 | 4910 | ||||||
| 104 | Rf | rutherfordium | 579.9 | 1389.4 | 2296.4 | 3077.9 | ||||||
| 105 | Db | dubnium | 664.8 | 1546.7 | 2378.4 | 3298.8 | 4305.2 | |||||
| 106 | Sg | seaborgium | 757.4 | 1732.9 | 2483.5 | 3415.6 | 4561.8 | 5715.8 | ||||
| 107 | Bh | bohrium | 742.9 | 1688.5 | 2566.5 | 3598.9 | 4727.8 | 5991.7 | 7226.8 | |||
| 108 | Hs | hassium | 733.3 | 1756.0 | 2827.0 | 3637.5 | 4940.0 | 6175.1 | 7535.5 | 8857.4 | ||
| 109 | Mt | meitnerium | 800.8 | 1823.6 | 2904.2 | 3859.4 | 4920.8 | |||||
| 110 | Ds | darmstadtium | 955.2 | 1891.1 | 3029.6 | 3955.9 | 5113.7 | |||||
| 111 | Rg | roentgenium | 1022.7 | 2074.4 | 3077.9 | 4052.4 | 5306.7 | |||||
| 112 | Cn | copernicium | 1154.9 | 2170.0 | 3164.7 | 4245.4 | 5499.7 | |||||
| 113 | Uut | ununtrium | 704.9 | 2238.5 | 3023.3 | 4351.5 | 5692.6 | |||||
| 114 | Fl | flerovium | 823.9 | 1601.6 | 3367.3 | 4399.7 | 5847.0 | |||||
| 115 | Uup | ununpentium | 538.4 | 1756.0 | 2653.3 | 4679.5 | 5721.6 | |||||
| 116 | Lv | livermorium | 723.6 | 1331.5 | 2846.3 | 3811.2 | 6078.6 | |||||
| 117 | Uus | ununseptium | 742.9 | 1785.0–1920.1 | ||||||||
| 118 | Uuo | ununoctium | 839.4 | 1563.1 | ||||||||
| 119 | Uue | ununennium | 463.1 | 1698.1 | ||||||||
| 120 | Ubn | unbinilium | 578.9 | 895.4–918.5 | ||||||||
| 121 | Ubu | unbiunium | 429.4 |