A5: Dipole Moments
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- Nov 3, 2020
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\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a} \newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b} \newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c} \newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d} \newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}} \newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e} \newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f} \newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n} \newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p} \newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q} \newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s} \newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t} \newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u} \newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v} \newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w} \newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x} \newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y} \newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z} \newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r} \newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m} \newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0} \newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1} \newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R} \newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}} \newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B} \newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C} \newcommand{\scal}{\cal S} \newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W} \newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E} \newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}} \newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}} \newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}} \newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}} \newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}} \newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}} \renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}} \newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}} \newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}} \newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}} \newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|} \newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}} \newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}} \newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp} \newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}} \newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}} \newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}} \newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}} \newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}} \newcommand{\lt}{<} \newcommand{\gt}{>} \newcommand{\amp}{&} \definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}The following table(1) lists the dipole moments of more common chemical substances. Along with the dipole moment the length of the dipole is shown.
| Substance | State(2) | Dipole Moment *1030 C\cdot m |
Dipole Length [pm] |
|---|---|---|---|
| acetaldehyde | b | 8.3 | 52 |
| acetamide | b | 12.3 | 77 |
| acetic acid | b | 3.3 to 5.0 | 21 to 31 |
| acetone | l | 10.0 | 62 |
| acetonitrile | b | 11.7 | 73 |
| acetophenone | b | 9.7 | 60 |
| acetylacetone | b | 9.3 | 58 |
| acetyl chloride | b | 8.0 | 50 |
| acrolein | b | 9.7 | 60 |
| acrylonitrile | b | 11.7 | 73 |
| ammonia | l | 3.0 | 19 |
| aniline | b | 5.2 | 32 |
| anisole | l | 4.0 | 25 |
| benzamide | b | 12.2 | 76 |
| benzene | l | 0 | 0 |
| benzonitrile | l | 10.7 | 67 |
| benzophenone | b | 9.0 | 56 |
| bromobenzene | l | 5.0 | 31 |
| bromoethane | b | 6.0 | 37 |
| bromoform | b | 3.3 | 21 |
| carbon dioxide | g | 0 | 0 |
| carbon disulfide | l | 0 | 0 |
| carbonyl sulfide | g | 2.4 | 15 |
| chloroacetic acid | b | 7.7 | 48 |
| chlorobenzene | l | 5.2 | 32 |
| chloroethane | b | 6.7 | 42 |
| cyclohexanol | b | 6.0 | 37 |
| 1,2-dibromoethane | b | 4.0 | 25 |
| dichloromethane | b | 6.0 | 37 |
| diethylamine | l | 3.7 | 23 |
| dimethylaniline | b | 5.2 | 32 |
| dimethylformamide | l | 12.7 | 79 |
| dimethylsulfoxide | b | 13.0 | 81 |
| dioxan | b | 1.3 | 8 |
| ethanol | b | 5.7 | 35 |
| ethyl acetate | b | 6.2 | 39 |
| ethylamine | b | 4.3 | 27 |
| ethylbenzene | l | 1.2 | 7 |
| ethylene carbonate | b | 16.0 | 100 |
| ethylene glycol | b | 6.7 | 42 |
| ethylene oxide | l | 6.3 | 40 |
| ethyl ether | b | 4.2 | 26 |
| formamide | b | 11.3 | 71 |
| formic acid | b | 5.0 | 31 |
| furan | b | 2.2 | 14 |
| hexane | l | 0 | 0 |
| hydrazine | l | 10.0 | 62 |
| hydrogen cyanide | g | 9.8 | 61 |
| hydrogen sulfide | g | 3.2 | 20 |
| iodoethane | b | 5.8 | 36 |
| methanol | b | 5.5 | 34 |
| methyl benzoate | b | 6.2 | 39 |
| methyl ether | b | 4.2 | 26 |
| morpholine | b | 5.0 | 31 |
| nitric oxide | g | 0.5 | 3 |
| nitrobenzene | b | 13.3 | 83 |
| nitrogen dioxide | g | 1.3 | 8 |
| nitromethane | b | 10.3 | 65 |
| oxygen | g | 0 | 0 |
| ozone | g | 2.2 | 14 |
| phenol | b | 5.3 | 33 |
| propylene oxide | b | 6.5 | 41 |
| pyridine | l | 7.7 | 48 |
| pyrrole | b | 6.0 | 37 |
| quinoline | l | 7.0 | 44 |
| styrene | l | 0.3 | 2 |
| sulfur hexafluoride | g | 0 | 0 |
| tetrachloromethane | l | 0 | 0 |
| tetrahydrofuran | b | 5.7 | 35 |
| thiophen | l | 1.6 | 10 |
| toluene | l | 1.3 | 8 |
| trichloromethane | b | 3.7 | 23 |
| triethylamine | l | 2.8 | 18 |
| s-trioxane | b | 7.3 | 46 |
| water | l | 6.7 to 10.0 | 42 to 62 |
| water | g | 6.2 | 39 |
- Data source: Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (16th edition 1995). 2.1.4 Hygrometry. Kaye & Laby Online. Version 1.0 (2005) www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk
- l = liquid substance, b = substance solved in benzene, g = gaseous substance.
