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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/BethuneCookman_University/BCU%3A_CH-346_Instrumental_Analysis/Diffraction_Scattering_Techniques/X-ray_CrystallographyX-ray Crystallography is a scientific method used to determine the arrangement of atoms of a crystalline solid in three dimensional space. This technique takes advantage of the interatomic spacing of ...X-ray Crystallography is a scientific method used to determine the arrangement of atoms of a crystalline solid in three dimensional space. This technique takes advantage of the interatomic spacing of most crystalline solids by employing them as a diffraction gradient for x-ray light, which has wavelengths on the order of 1 angstrom (10-8 cm).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_440%3A_Structure_Determination/04%3A_X-ray_Crystallography/4.01%3A_BackgroundThe X-ray beams travel different pathlengths before hitting the various planes of the crystal, so after diffraction, the beams will interact constructively only if the path length difference is equal ...The X-ray beams travel different pathlengths before hitting the various planes of the crystal, so after diffraction, the beams will interact constructively only if the path length difference is equal to an integer number of wavelengths (just like in the normal diffraction case above).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Mass_Spectrometry_and_Infrared_Spectroscopy/12.09%3A_Chemistry_MattersX-Ray_CrystallographyThe various spectroscopic techniques described in this and the next two chapters are enormously important in chemistry and have been fine-tuned to such a degree that the structure of almost any molecu...The various spectroscopic techniques described in this and the next two chapters are enormously important in chemistry and have been fine-tuned to such a degree that the structure of almost any molecule can be found. Nevertheless, wouldn’t it be nice if you could simply look at a molecule and “see” its structure with your eyes?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_212_213%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Nataro)/03%3A_Solid_state/3.09%3A_X-ray_CrystallographyThe X-ray beams travel different pathlengths before hitting the various planes of the crystal, so after diffraction, the beams will interact constructively only if the path length difference is equal ...The X-ray beams travel different pathlengths before hitting the various planes of the crystal, so after diffraction, the beams will interact constructively only if the path length difference is equal to an integer number of wavelengths (just like in the normal diffraction case above).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/09%3A_Molecular_Geometry_and_Bonding_Theories/9.01%3A_Molecular_ShapesThe Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. ...The Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. This approach gives no information about the actual arrangement of atoms in space, however.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_212_213%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Nataro)/02%3A_Molecules/2.02%3A_Molecular_ShapesThe Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. ...The Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. As indicated in several of the geometries below, non-bonding electrons E can strongly influence the molecular geometry of the molecule; this is discussed in more details in Section 9.2.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Molecular_Geometry/Molecular_Geometry_OverviewAccording to VSEPR theory, molecular geometry can be predicted by starting with the electron pair geometry about the central atom and adding atoms to some or all of the electron pairs. In this case an...According to VSEPR theory, molecular geometry can be predicted by starting with the electron pair geometry about the central atom and adding atoms to some or all of the electron pairs. In this case an extra step is needed to to translate from electron pair geometry to the final molecular geometry, since only the positions of bonded atoms are considered in molecular geometry.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lafayette_College/CHEM_440%3A_Structure_Determination/04%3A_X-ray_Crystallography/4.04%3A_Sample_and_data_collectionX-ray Crystallography is a scientific method used to determine the arrangement of atoms of a crystalline solid in three dimensional space. This technique takes advantage of the interatomic spacing of ...X-ray Crystallography is a scientific method used to determine the arrangement of atoms of a crystalline solid in three dimensional space. This technique takes advantage of the interatomic spacing of most crystalline solids by employing them as a diffraction gradient for x-ray light, which has wavelengths on the order of 1 angstrom (10-8 cm).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemical_Principles_for_Medical_Students/04%3A_Molecular_Geometry_and_Bonding_Theories/4.01%3A_Molecular_ShapesThe Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. ...The Lewis electron-pair approach described previously can be used to predict the number and types of bonds between the atoms in a substance, and it indicates which atoms have lone pairs of electrons. This approach gives no information about the actual arrangement of atoms in space, however.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Periodic_Trends/Sizes_of_Atoms_and_IonsThe X-rays interact with the electrons in the crystal, and the picture we get from the X-rays can tell us the electron density at each point in the crystal. Because electrons are what take up space in...The X-rays interact with the electrons in the crystal, and the picture we get from the X-rays can tell us the electron density at each point in the crystal. Because electrons are what take up space in atoms, the result is that the size of the biggest filled orbital determines the size of the atom or ion.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/AUCHE_212_General_Chemistry_II_Part_1_(Minhas)/03%3A_Periodic_Trends/3.04%3A_Periodic_Trends/3.4.06%3A_Sizes_of_Atoms_and_IonsThe X-rays interact with the electrons in the crystal, and the picture we get from the X-rays can tell us the electron density at each point in the crystal. Because electrons are what take up space in...The X-rays interact with the electrons in the crystal, and the picture we get from the X-rays can tell us the electron density at each point in the crystal. Because electrons are what take up space in atoms, the result is that the size of the biggest filled orbital determines the size of the atom or ion.
