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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/General_Chemistry/Oxidation_State_Trends_in_Group_4However, down the group, there are more examples of +2 oxidation states, such as SnCl 2 , PbO, and Pb 2 + . Tin's +4 state of is still more stable than its +2 state, but for lead and heavier elements,...However, down the group, there are more examples of +2 oxidation states, such as SnCl 2 , PbO, and Pb 2 + . Tin's +4 state of is still more stable than its +2 state, but for lead and heavier elements, the +2 state is the more stable; it dominates the chemistry of lead. The relatively large increase between tin and lead is due to the greater difficulty in removing the 6s 2 pair in lead than the corresponding 5s 2 pair in tin.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/Chemistry_of_Tin_(Z%3D50)Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118....Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118.710 atomic mass units. Tin, or Sn (from the Latin name Stannum) has been known since ancient times, although it could only be obtained by extraction from its ore. Tin shares chemical similarities with germanium and lead. Tin mining began in Australia in 1872 and today Tin is used extensively.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/08%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Main_Group_Elements/8.07%3A_Group_14/8.7.06%3A_Chemistry_of_Tin_(Z50)Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118....Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118.710 atomic mass units. Tin, or Sn (from the Latin name Stannum) has been known since ancient times, although it could only be obtained by extraction from its ore. Tin shares chemical similarities with germanium and lead. Tin mining began in Australia in 1872 and today Tin is used extensively.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_General_Properties_and_ReactionsCarbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual prop...Carbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual properties of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Qualitative_Analysis/Characteristic_Reactions_of_Select_Metal_Ions/Characteristic_Reactions_of_Tin_Ions_(Sn_Sn)Metallic tin is soft and malleable. It slowly dissolves in dilute nonoxidizing acids or more readily in hot concentrated HCl . It reacts with HNO3 to form metastannic acid, H2SnO3 , a white substa...Metallic tin is soft and malleable. It slowly dissolves in dilute nonoxidizing acids or more readily in hot concentrated HCl . It reacts with HNO3 to form metastannic acid, H2SnO3 , a white substance insoluble in alkalies or acids. In neutral or only slightly acidic solutions, zinc displaces tin from its compounds, forming the metal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/General_Properties_and_ReactionsCarbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual prop...Carbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual properties of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/Z050_Chemistry_of_Tin_(Z50)Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118....Mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, tin is of ancient origins. Tin is an element in Group 14 (The carbon family) and has mainly metallic properties. Tin has atomic number 50 and an atomic mass of 118.710 atomic mass units. Tin, or Sn (from the Latin name Stannum) has been known since ancient times, although it could only be obtained by extraction from its ore. Tin shares chemical similarities with germanium and lead. Tin mining began in Australia in 1872 and today Tin is used extensively.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Chemistry_Basics/NomenclatureThese include toxic cyanide ion, CN – , common hydroxide ion, OH – , and peroxide ion, O 2 2 – . Other important anions include acetate ion (C 2 H 3 O 2 – ), which is in vinegar, the chlorate ion (ClO...These include toxic cyanide ion, CN – , common hydroxide ion, OH – , and peroxide ion, O 2 2 – . Other important anions include acetate ion (C 2 H 3 O 2 – ), which is in vinegar, the chlorate ion (ClO 3 – ), the perchlorate ion (ClO 4 – ) which is often explosive, the nitrate ion (NO 3 – ), the carbonate ion (CO 3 2 – ) found in shells, the sulfate ion (SO 4 2 – ), and the phosphate ion (PO 4 3 – ).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_General_Chemistry/Oxidation_State_Trends_in_Group_4This page explores the oxidation states (oxidation numbers) adopted by the Group 4 elements (carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb)). It examines the increasing tendency of t...This page explores the oxidation states (oxidation numbers) adopted by the Group 4 elements (carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb)). It examines the increasing tendency of the elements to form compounds with +2 oxidation states, particularly for tin and lead.
