Search
- Filter Results
- Location
- Classification
- Include attachments
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/07%3A_Solids_and_Liquids/7.01%3A_Matter_under_the_MicroscopeGases, liquids, and especially solids surround us and give form to our world. Chemistry at its most fundamental level is about atoms and the forces that act between them to form larger structural unit...Gases, liquids, and especially solids surround us and give form to our world. Chemistry at its most fundamental level is about atoms and the forces that act between them to form larger structural units. But the matter that we experience with our senses is far removed from this level. This unit will help you see how these macroscopic properties of matter depend on the microscopic particles of which it is composed.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Valley_City_State_University/Chem_122/Chapter_3%3A_Solutions_and_Solubility/3.4%3A_Colligative_Properties%3A_Raoult's_LawThe reduction in the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the fraction of the [volatile] solute molecules in the liquid — that is, to the mole fraction of the solvent. The reduced ...The reduction in the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the fraction of the [volatile] solute molecules in the liquid — that is, to the mole fraction of the solvent. The reduced vapor pressure is given by Raoult's law.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/03%3A_Measuring_MatterThe natural sciences begin with observation, and this usually involves numerical measurements of quantities such as length, volume, density, and temperature. Most of these quantities have units of som...The natural sciences begin with observation, and this usually involves numerical measurements of quantities such as length, volume, density, and temperature. Most of these quantities have units of some kind associated with them, and these units must be retained when you use them in calculations. All measuring units can be defined in terms of a very small number of fundamental ones.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/15%3A_Thermodynamics_of_Chemical_Equilibria/15.03%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe First Law of thermodynamics, expressed as ΔU = q + w, is essentially a statement of the law of conservation of energy. The significance of this law is that it tells us that any proposed process th...The First Law of thermodynamics, expressed as ΔU = q + w, is essentially a statement of the law of conservation of energy. The significance of this law is that it tells us that any proposed process that would violate this condition can be dismissed as impossible, without even inquiring further into the details of the process.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/04%3A_The_Basics_of_ChemistryThe idea of the atom — at one time a theory, but now directly observable — is the basic concept that unites all aspects of Chemistry, so this is where we begin. This lesson introduces you to these bui...The idea of the atom — at one time a theory, but now directly observable — is the basic concept that unites all aspects of Chemistry, so this is where we begin. This lesson introduces you to these building-blocks of matter, and explains how they are characterized.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/05%3A_Atoms_and_the_Periodic_Table/5.04%3A_The_Bohr_AtomOur goal in this unit is to help you understand how the arrangement of the periodic table of the elements must follow as a necessary consequence of the fundamental laws of the quantum behavior of matt...Our goal in this unit is to help you understand how the arrangement of the periodic table of the elements must follow as a necessary consequence of the fundamental laws of the quantum behavior of matter. The modern theory of the atom makes full use of the wave-particle duality of matter. We will therefore present the theory in a semi-qualitative manner, emphasizing its results and their applications, rather than its derivation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Cossatot/UAC%3A_Chem_1024/M2%3A_All_About_WaterThe water strider takes advantage of the fact that the water surface acts like an elastic film that resists deformation when a small weight is placed on it. (If you are careful, you can also "float" a...The water strider takes advantage of the fact that the water surface acts like an elastic film that resists deformation when a small weight is placed on it. (If you are careful, you can also "float" a small paper clip or steel staple on the surface of water in a cup.) This is all due to the surface tension of the water.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Geochemistry_(Lower)/04%3A_The_Biosphere/4.03%3A_Gaia_-_Bioregulation_of_the_EnvironmentThe physical conditions under which life as we know it can exist encompass a relatively narrow range of temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation intensity. It seems remarkable enou...The physical conditions under which life as we know it can exist encompass a relatively narrow range of temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation intensity. It seems remarkable enough that life was able to get started at all; it is even more remarkable that it has continued to thrive in the face of all the perils that have, or could have occurred, during the past 3 billion years or so.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Northern_Alberta_Institute_of_Technology/CHEM1130_Principles_in_Chemistry_I/1%3A_Gases/1.05%3A_Observable_Properties_of_GasThe invention of the sensitive balance in the early seventeenth century showed once and for all that gases have weight and are therefore matter. Guericke's invention of air pump (which led directly to...The invention of the sensitive balance in the early seventeenth century showed once and for all that gases have weight and are therefore matter. Guericke's invention of air pump (which led directly to his discovery of the vacuum) launched the “pneumatic era" of chemistry long before the existence of atoms and molecules had been accepted. Indeed, the behavior of gases was soon to prove an invaluable tool in the development of the atomic theory of matter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Thermodynamics/Chemical_Energetics/The_First_Law_of_ThermodynamicsContributors and Attributions Stephen Lower, Professor Emeritus (Simon Fraser U.) Chem1 Virtual Textbook
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Geochemistry_(Lower)/02%3A_The_Hydrosphere/2.01%3A_Water_Water_Everywhere...The CO 2 and volcanic gases in rainwater react with this material to form a solution of the metal ion and HCO 3 – , in which is suspended some hydrated SiO 2 . The solid material left behind is a clay...The CO 2 and volcanic gases in rainwater react with this material to form a solution of the metal ion and HCO 3 – , in which is suspended some hydrated SiO 2 . The solid material left behind is a clay such as kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 . This first forms as a friable coating on the surface of the weathered rock; later it becomes a soil material, then an alluvial deposit, and finally it may reach the sea as a suspended sediment.
