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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/DMA_Chem_51_Su_19/2%3A_Beginning_Chemistry_(Ball)/07%3A_Energy_and_Chemistry/7.3%3A_Work_and_HeatWork can be defined as a gas changing volume against a constant external pressure. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Heat can be calculated in terms of mass, temperature c...Work can be defined as a gas changing volume against a constant external pressure. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Heat can be calculated in terms of mass, temperature change, and specific heat.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Foundations_of_Introductory_Chemistry-1/10%3A_Introduction_to_Energy/10.5%3A_Work_and_HeatWork can be defined as a gas changing volume against a constant external pressure. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Heat can be calculated in terms of mass, temperature c...Work can be defined as a gas changing volume against a constant external pressure. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Heat can be calculated in terms of mass, temperature change, and specific heat.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_I/07%3A_Kinetic-Molecular_Theory_and_States_of_Matter/7.02%3A_Gas_PressureGases exert pressure, which is force per unit area. The pressure of a gas may be expressed in the SI unit of pascal or kilopascal, as well as in many other units including torr, atmosphere, and bar. A...Gases exert pressure, which is force per unit area. The pressure of a gas may be expressed in the SI unit of pascal or kilopascal, as well as in many other units including torr, atmosphere, and bar. Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer; other gas pressures can be measured using one of several types of manometers.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Chemistry_LHS_Bridge/07%3A_Gases/7.01%3A_Gas_PressureGases exert pressure, which is force per unit area. The pressure of a gas may be expressed in the SI unit of pascal or kilopascal, as well as in many other units including torr, atmosphere, and bar. A...Gases exert pressure, which is force per unit area. The pressure of a gas may be expressed in the SI unit of pascal or kilopascal, as well as in many other units including torr, atmosphere, and bar. Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer; other gas pressures can be measured using one of several types of manometers.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Hybrid_Chem_51_v1/07%3A_Gases/6.3_Gas_Laws_-_Boyle's_and_Charles'_LawsThe behavior of gases can be modeled with gas laws. Boyle’s law relates a gas’s pressure and volume at constant temperature and amount. Charles’s law relates a gas’s volume and temperature at constant...The behavior of gases can be modeled with gas laws. Boyle’s law relates a gas’s pressure and volume at constant temperature and amount. Charles’s law relates a gas’s volume and temperature at constant pressure and amount. In gas laws, temperatures must always be expressed in kelvins.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Rio_Hondo/Chemistry_110%3A_An_Introduction_to_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(Garg)/07%3A_Gases/7.02%3A_PressurePressure is a force exerted over an area. Pressure has several common units that can be converted.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/02%3A_Gases/2.06%3A_Collisions_with_Other_MoleculesThe page discusses the importance of understanding molecular collisions in gas-phase experiments, specifically molecular beams. It explains how to predict collision frequency by considering molecules ...The page discusses the importance of understanding molecular collisions in gas-phase experiments, specifically molecular beams. It explains how to predict collision frequency by considering molecules as spheres and outlines the concept of a "collision cylinder." Relevant formulas are provided for calculating the number of collisions, frequency of collisions, and mean free path, taking into account factors like pressure, temperature, and molecular size.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/01%3A_The_Basics/1.01%3A_The_System_and_the_SurroundingsThe page discusses the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, emphasizing the importance of defining key terms like "system" and "surroundings." Various types of systems are identified, such as open, closed, a...The page discusses the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, emphasizing the importance of defining key terms like "system" and "surroundings." Various types of systems are identified, such as open, closed, and isolated systems, based on how they allow matter and energy transfer. The distinctions between homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are also outlined, along with the significance of intensive and extensive variables.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/02%3A_Gases/2.01%3A_The_Empirical_Gas_LawsThe page describes the empirical gas laws, which are relationships describing the behavior of gas samples based on observation. Boyle's Law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volum...The page describes the empirical gas laws, which are relationships describing the behavior of gas samples based on observation. Boyle's Law explains the inverse relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature. Charles' Law states that volume is proportional to temperature at constant pressure. Gay-Lussac's Law relates pressure to temperature. These laws combine into the Combined Gas Law.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/04%3A_Putting_the_First_Law_to_Work/4.05%3A_The_Joule-Thomson_EffectThe page explains the Joule-Thomson experiment and its significance in understanding gas cooling during expansion, which influenced refrigerator design. It also details how not all gases cool upon exp...The page explains the Joule-Thomson experiment and its significance in understanding gas cooling during expansion, which influenced refrigerator design. It also details how not all gases cool upon expansion, like hydrogen and helium, which can warm up. The Joule-Thomson coefficient (\(\mu_{JT}\)) determines this temperature change, generally calculated through the change of properties like pressure and enthalpy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/13%3A_States_of_Matter/13.19%3A_General_Phase_DiagramThis page discusses rocket fuel, specifically a mixture of kerosene and liquid oxygen, which is liquefied at high pressure rather than low temperatures. It explains phase diagrams, highlighting the st...This page discusses rocket fuel, specifically a mixture of kerosene and liquid oxygen, which is liquefied at high pressure rather than low temperatures. It explains phase diagrams, highlighting the states of matter—solid, liquid, gas—related to temperature and pressure, including melting, boiling points, and the triple point. Additionally, it notes that increased pressure generally leads to solids becoming liquids and describes the sublimation process where solids convert directly to gases.
