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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Advanced_Chemistry/11%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/11.03%3A_Polar_ReactionsThe resonance of the carbon partial positive charge allows the negative charge on the nucleophile to attack the Carbonyl group and become a part of the structure and a positive charge (usually a proto...The resonance of the carbon partial positive charge allows the negative charge on the nucleophile to attack the Carbonyl group and become a part of the structure and a positive charge (usually a proton hydrogen) attacks the oxygen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Centre_College/CHE_332%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry/05%3A_Coordination_Chemistry-_Structure_and_Isomers/5.03%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/5.3.02%3A_Lewis_Concept_and_Frontier_OrbitalsIn the autoionization of SOCl2 the pair of electrons donated comes from the S-Cl bond, and the S-Cl bond is broken to give a lone pair bearing a Cl− base and an SOCl+ Lewis acid fragmen...In the autoionization of SOCl2 the pair of electrons donated comes from the S-Cl bond, and the S-Cl bond is broken to give a lone pair bearing a Cl− base and an SOCl+ Lewis acid fragment. In these contexts, the terms acid and base typically refer to the thermodynamic propensity of a substance to give and accept hydrogen ions while the terms nucleophile and electrophile refer to a substance's kinetic propensity to react with carbon-based Lewis acids and bases, respectively.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.04%3A_Polar_ReactionsThe resonance of the carbon partial positive charge allows the negative charge on the nucleophile to attack the Carbonyl group and become a part of the structure and a positive charge (usually a proto...The resonance of the carbon partial positive charge allows the negative charge on the nucleophile to attack the Carbonyl group and become a part of the structure and a positive charge (usually a proton hydrogen) attacks the oxygen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology/OIT_(Lund)%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(Soderberg)/11%3A_Nucleophilic_Acyl_Substitution_Reactions/11.10%3A_A_Look_Ahead_-_Acyl_Substitution_Reactions_with_a_Carbanion_or_Hydride_Ion_NucleophileAlthough we have seen many different types of nucleophilic acyl substitutions in this chapter, we have not yet encountered a reaction in which the incoming nucleophile is a carbanion or a hydride. Rec...Although we have seen many different types of nucleophilic acyl substitutions in this chapter, we have not yet encountered a reaction in which the incoming nucleophile is a carbanion or a hydride. Recall that in the previous chapter on aldehydes and ketones, we also postponed discussion of nucleophilic carbonyl addition reactions in which a carbanion or a hydride is the nucleophile.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Chandler_Gilbert_Community_College/Fundamental_Organic_ala_Mech/05%3A_Unit_2/5.04%3A_Apply_to_Acids_and_Bases/5.4.05%3A_Acids_and_Bases_-_The_Lewis_DefinitionA broader definition is provided by the Lewis theory of acids and bases, in which a Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor. This definition covers Brønste...A broader definition is provided by the Lewis theory of acids and bases, in which a Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor. This definition covers Brønsted-Lowry proton transfer reactions, but also includes reactions in which no proton transfer is involved.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/06%3A_Acid-Base_and_Donor-Acceptor_Chemistry/6.04%3A_Lewis_Concept_and_Frontier_OrbitalsThe Lewis acid-base concept describes acid-base reactions in terms of electron pair donation and acceptance. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are donors. This concept explain...The Lewis acid-base concept describes acid-base reactions in terms of electron pair donation and acceptance. Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors, while Lewis bases are donors. This concept explains reactions like the classic example between borane BH3 and NH3, resulting in a coordinate covalent bond. The Usanovich acid-base concept extends this by including oxidation-reduction reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.03%3A_Polar_ReactionsPolar reactions occur because of the electrical attraction between positively polarized and negatively polarized centers on functional groups in molecules. Most organic compounds are electrically neut...Polar reactions occur because of the electrical attraction between positively polarized and negatively polarized centers on functional groups in molecules. Most organic compounds are electrically neutral; they have no net charge, either positive or negative. However, certain bonds within a molecule, particularly the bonds in functional groups, are polar, which is a consequence of an unsymmetrical electron distribution in a bond due to the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/02%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/2.07%3A_A_Look_Ahead_-_Addition_of_Carbon_and_Hydride_Nucleophiles_to_CarbonylsWe have seen in this chapter a number of reactions in which oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles add to carbonyl groups. Other nucleophiles are possible in carbonyl addition mechanisms: in chapters 12 and...We have seen in this chapter a number of reactions in which oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles add to carbonyl groups. Other nucleophiles are possible in carbonyl addition mechanisms: in chapters 12 and 13, for example, we will examine in detail some enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the attacking nucleophile is a resonance stabilized carbanion (usually an enolate ion).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/02%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/2.02%3A_Nucleophilic_Additions_to_Aldehydes_and_Ketones_-_An_OverviewRecall from chapter 1 that the ketone functional group is made up of a carbonyl bonded to two carbons, while in an aldehyde one (or both) of the neighboring atoms is a hydrogen.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_v2.0_(Soderberg)/10%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/10.07%3A_A_Look_Ahead_-_Addition_of_Carbon_and_Hydride_Nucleophiles_to_CarbonylsWe have seen in this chapter a number of reactions in which oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles add to carbonyl groups. Other nucleophiles are possible in carbonyl addition mechanisms: in chapters 12 and...We have seen in this chapter a number of reactions in which oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles add to carbonyl groups. Other nucleophiles are possible in carbonyl addition mechanisms: in chapters 12 and 13, for example, we will examine in detail some enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the attacking nucleophile is a resonance stabilized carbanion (usually an enolate ion).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_v2.0_(Soderberg)/08%3A_Nucleophilic_Substitution_Reactions/8.03%3A_NucleophilesA nucleophile is an atom or functional group with a pair of electrons (usually a non-bonding, or lone pair) that can be shared. The same, however, can be said about a base: in fact, bases can act as n...A nucleophile is an atom or functional group with a pair of electrons (usually a non-bonding, or lone pair) that can be shared. The same, however, can be said about a base: in fact, bases can act as nucleophiles, and nucleophiles can act as bases. What, then, is the difference between a base and a nucleophile?
