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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/Chem_4B%3A_General_Chemistry_for_Majors_II_(Larsen)/Chem_4B_Textbook/Unit_II%3A_Physical_Equilibria/IV%3A_Solutions/4.5%3A_Separating_Volatile_Solutions_-_DistillationDistillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components ...Distillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components to be separated, let's first consider the vapor pressure vs. composition plots for a hypothetical mixture at some arbitrary temperature at which both liquid and gas phases can exist, depending on the total pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Free_Energy_1e_(Snee)/08%3A_Phase_Changes/8.03%3A_Other_examples_of_phase_changesNow, we must determine the total pressure as a function of the composition of the vapor phase using the mole fractions of the vapors υA and υB (note we use χ’s to ...Now, we must determine the total pressure as a function of the composition of the vapor phase using the mole fractions of the vapors υA and υB (note we use χ’s to refer to the liquid, and υ’s for the vapors). The reason that the compositions of the vapor and liquid differ within the liquid + vapor region of Figure 8.8 is because component “B” vaporizes more readily than “A” due to the former’s higher vapor pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Chemical_Thermodynamics_(Supplement_to_Shepherd_et_al.)/25%3A_Extension_16_-_Vapor-Solution_Phase_Diagrams/25.02%3A_Phase_Diagrams_for_Binary_MixturesAs suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important...As suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important so only pressure and temperature are typically depicted on a phase diagram. However, for mixtures with two components, the composition is of vital important, so there is generally a choice that must be made as to whether the other variable to be depicted is temperature or pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Georgia/CHEM_3212%3A_Physical_Chemistry_II/11%3A_Solutions-_Liquid-Liquid_Solutions/11.01%3A_Phase_Diagrams_for_Binary_MixturesAs suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important...As suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important so only pressure and temperature are typically depicted on a phase diagram. However, for mixtures with two components, the composition is of vital important, so there is generally a choice that must be made as to whether the other variable to be depicted is temperature or pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/National_Yang_Ming_Chiao_Tung_University/Chemistry_2/01%3A_Physical_Equilibrium/1.06%3A_DistillationDistillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components ...Distillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components to be separated, let's first consider the vapor pressure vs. composition plots for a hypothetical mixture at some arbitrary temperature at which both liquid and gas phases can exist, depending on the total pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Millersville_University/CHEM_341-_Physical_Chemistry_I/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.06%3A_Phase_Diagrams_for_Binary_MixturesAs suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important...As suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important so only pressure and temperature are typically depicted on a phase diagram. However, for mixtures with two components, the composition is of vital important, so there is generally a choice that must be made as to whether the other variable to be depicted is temperature or pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.07%3A_Liquid-Vapor_Systems_-_Raoults_LawThe document discusses the volatility of liquids and how they transition to the vapor phase at increased temperatures. It describes Raoult???s Law, which predicts the total vapor pressure above a mixt...The document discusses the volatility of liquids and how they transition to the vapor phase at increased temperatures. It describes Raoult???s Law, which predicts the total vapor pressure above a mixture of two volatile liquids, highlighting that the vapor phase composition differs from the liquid phase. Additionally, it explores phase diagrams at constant pressure and illustrates how distillation can purify a more volatile liquid from a mixture by collecting and re-evaporating vapor fractions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.06%3A_Phase_Diagrams_for_Binary_MixturesAs suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important...As suggested by the Gibbs Phase Rule, the most important variables describing a mixture are pressure, temperature and composition. In the case of single component systems, composition is not important so only pressure and temperature are typically depicted on a phase diagram. However, for mixtures with two components, the composition is of vital important, so there is generally a choice that must be made as to whether the other variable to be depicted is temperature or pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.09%3A_Solid-Liquid_Systems_-_Eutectic_PointsThe page explains phase diagrams for two-component systems with eutectic points. It describes the behavior of solid and liquid phases, detailing scenarios including immiscible solids and liquid phases...The page explains phase diagrams for two-component systems with eutectic points. It describes the behavior of solid and liquid phases, detailing scenarios including immiscible solids and liquid phases, formation of third compounds, and incongruent melting, where stable compounds decompose upon melting. Example systems like tin-lead, zinc-magnesium, and sodium-potassium are discussed, illustrating different behaviors of solid-liquid equilibria and chemical reactions forming new compounds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/08%3A_Solutions/8.09%3A_DistillationDistillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components ...Distillation is a process whereby a mixture of liquids having different vapor pressures is separated into its components. Since distillation depends on the different vapor pressures of the components to be separated, let's first consider the vapor pressure vs. composition plots for a hypothetical mixture at some arbitrary temperature at which both liquid and gas phases can exist, depending on the total pressure.
