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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Providence_College/CHM_331_Advanced_Analytical_Chemistry_1/04%3A__The_Vocabulary_of_Analytical_Chemistry/4.05%3A_Developing_the_ProcedureAfter selecting a method, the next step is to develop a procedure that accomplish our goals for the analysis. In developing a procedure we give attention to compensating for interferences, to selectin...After selecting a method, the next step is to develop a procedure that accomplish our goals for the analysis. In developing a procedure we give attention to compensating for interferences, to selecting and calibrating equipment, to acquiring a representative sample, and to validating the method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Chemometrics_Using_R_(Harvey)/05%3A_The_Distribution_of_Data/5.03%3A_The_Central_Limit_TheoremWhen we draw a pooled sample that consists of 10 individual samples, however, the average values are more likely to be near the middle of the distribution’s range, as we see on the right, because the ...When we draw a pooled sample that consists of 10 individual samples, however, the average values are more likely to be near the middle of the distribution’s range, as we see on the right, because the pooled sample likely includes values drawn from both the lower half and the upper half of the uniform distribution.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Chemometrics_Using_R_(Harvey)/11%3A_Finding_Structure_in_Data/11.02%3A_Cluster_AnalysisTo visualize the clusters, in terms of the identify of the points in the clusters, the order in which the clusters form, and the relative similarity of difference between points and clusters, we displ...To visualize the clusters, in terms of the identify of the points in the clusters, the order in which the clusters form, and the relative similarity of difference between points and clusters, we display the information in Figure \PageIndex{3d} as the dendrogram shown in Figure \PageIndex{4}, which shows, for example, that the clusters of points 3 and 4, and of 2 and 6 are more similar to each other than they are to point 1 and to point 6.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Chemometrics_Using_R_(Harvey)/10%3A_Cleaning_Up_Data/10.5%3A_ExercisesThe data in the file problem10_1.csv consists of four columns of data: the vector x, which contains 200 values for plotting on the x-axis; the vector y, which contains 200 values for a step-function t...The data in the file problem10_1.csv consists of four columns of data: the vector x, which contains 200 values for plotting on the x-axis; the vector y, which contains 200 values for a step-function that satisfies the following criteria (a) Determine the mean signal, the standard deviation of the noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio for the noisy signal using just the data in the object s.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Cornell_College/CC_CHM_411%3A_Advanced_Analytical_Chemistry/01%3A_Spectroscopic_Methods/1.14%3A_ProblemsEnd-of-chapter problems to test your understanding of topics in this chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Chemometrics_Using_R_(Harvey)/07%3A_Testing_the_Significance_of_Data/7.05%3A_Using_R_for_Significance_Testing_and_Analysis_of_Variancewhere x is a numeric vector that contains the data for one sample and y is an optional vector that contains data for a second sample, alternative is a character string that states the alternative hypo...where x is a numeric vector that contains the data for one sample and y is an optional vector that contains data for a second sample, alternative is a character string that states the alternative hypothesis (which defaults to two-tailed), mu is either the population's expected mean or the expected difference in the means of the two samples, paired is a logical value that indicates whether the data is paired , var.equal is a logical value that indicates whether the variances for two samples are …
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Cornell_College/CC_CHM_411%3A_Advanced_Analytical_Chemistry/04%3A_Electrochemical_Methods/4.02%3A_Potentiometric_MethodsIn potentiometry we measure the potential of an electrochemical cell under static conditions. Because no current—or only a negligible current—flows through the electrochemical cell, its composition re...In potentiometry we measure the potential of an electrochemical cell under static conditions. Because no current—or only a negligible current—flows through the electrochemical cell, its composition remains unchanged. For this reason, potentiometry is a useful quantitative method of analysis.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Montana_State_University/MSU%3A_CHMY311_Fundamental_Analytical_Chemistry/04%3A_Evaluating_Analytical_Data/4.09%3A_ProblemsEnd-of-chapter problems to test your understanding of topics in this chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Montana_State_University/MSU%3A_CHMY311_Fundamental_Analytical_Chemistry/02%3A_Basic_Tools_of_Analytical_Chemistry/2.07%3A_The_Laboratory_NotebookA laboratory notebook is your most important tool when working in the lab. If kept properly, you should be able to look back at your laboratory notebook several years from now and reconstruct the expe...A laboratory notebook is your most important tool when working in the lab. If kept properly, you should be able to look back at your laboratory notebook several years from now and reconstruct the experiments on which you worked.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Montana_State_University/MSU%3A_CHMY311_Fundamental_Analytical_Chemistry/03%3A__The_Vocabulary_of_Analytical_Chemistry/3.02%3A_Techniques_Methods_Procedures_and_ProtocolsSuppose you are asked to develop an analytical method to determine the concentration of lead in drinking water. How would you approach this problem? To provide a structure for answering this question,...Suppose you are asked to develop an analytical method to determine the concentration of lead in drinking water. How would you approach this problem? To provide a structure for answering this question, it is helpful to consider four levels of analytical methodology: techniques, methods, procedures, and protocols.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Montana_State_University/MSU%3A_CHMY311_Fundamental_Analytical_Chemistry/07%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/7.10%3A_Using_Excel_and_R_to_Solve_Equilibrium_ProblemsIn solving equilibrium problems we typically make assumptions to simplify the algebra. These assumptions are important because they allow us to reduce the problem to an equation in x that we can s...In solving equilibrium problems we typically make assumptions to simplify the algebra. These assumptions are important because they allow us to reduce the problem to an equation in x that we can solve by simply taking a square‐root, a cube‐root, or by using the quadratic equation. Without these assumptions, most equilibrium problems result in a higher‐order equation that is more challenging to solve. Both Excel and R are useful tools for solving such equations.
