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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.13%3A_Additional_ResourcesThe page provides a comprehensive list of references addressing various aspects of equilibrium chemistry. Topics covered include experimental determination of equilibrium constants, the impact of ioni...The page provides a comprehensive list of references addressing various aspects of equilibrium chemistry. Topics covered include experimental determination of equilibrium constants, the impact of ionic strength, solubility products, and buffer capacity. Historical perspectives on the field are also offered. Additionally, the list encompasses instructional strategies, simulations for teaching, and critiques of conventional approaches to equilibrium concepts.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/07%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/7.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsIn this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combin...In this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combining several reagents, estimate the approximate composition of a system at equilibrium, and evaluate how a change to solution conditions might affect an analytical method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/6%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsIn this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combin...In this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combining several reagents, estimate the approximate composition of a system at equilibrium, and evaluate how a change to solution conditions might affect an analytical method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.11%3A_Some_Final_Thoughts_on_Equilibrium_CalculationsThe chapter discusses tools for evaluating system composition at equilibrium, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate tool based on the precision required. It emphasizes the need to i...The chapter discusses tools for evaluating system composition at equilibrium, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate tool based on the precision required. It emphasizes the need to include all relevant equilibrium reactions to prevent errors. It introduces computational programs like Visual Minteq and CurTiPot for modeling equilibria and the R package CHNOSZ for thermodynamic calculations in aqueous geochemistry.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.14%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThe chapter discusses analytical chemistry as the application of chemistry to analyze samples, focusing on using chemical reactivity to dissolve samples, separate analytes, transform analytes, or prov...The chapter discusses analytical chemistry as the application of chemistry to analyze samples, focusing on using chemical reactivity to dissolve samples, separate analytes, transform analytes, or provide a signal. Key reactions include precipitation, acid-base, metal-ligand complexation, and oxidation-reduction. It also covers equilibrium concepts, such as Le Ch??telier's principle, and solutions like buffers, using equilibrium constants, ladder diagrams, and activity coefficients.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsThe page discusses the importance of considering chemical interactions, like pH and solubility, when developing or evaluating analytical methods. It critiques the inappropriate use of NH3 in precipita...The page discusses the importance of considering chemical interactions, like pH and solubility, when developing or evaluating analytical methods. It critiques the inappropriate use of NH3 in precipitating AgCl due to its solubility-increasing effect. Key analytical errors often stem from overlooking chemical interferences. Ladder diagrams are introduced as tools for visualizing equilibrium chemistry, aiding in understanding reaction dynamics and evaluating changes in solution conditions.
