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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh_at_Bradford/CHEM_0089_-_Concepts_of_Chemistry/03%3A_The_Structure_of_Atoms/3.04%3A_Organization_of_Electrons_in_AtomsThe Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that we can follow. Electron configur...The Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that we can follow. Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in atoms. Abbreviated electron configurations are a simpler way of representing electron configurations for larger atoms. Exceptions to the strict filling of subshells with electrons occur.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/LATTC_Hybrid_Chem_51/08%3A_Electronic_Structure/8.3%3A_Organization_of_Electrons_in_AtomsThe Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that we can follow. Electron configur...The Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that we can follow. Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in atoms. Abbreviated electron configurations are a simpler way of representing electron configurations for larger atoms. Exceptions to the strict filling of subshells with electrons occur.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Irvine/UCI%3A_General_Chemistry_1A_(OpenChem)/185Isotopes_Natural_Abundance_and_Molecular_Mass_(OpenChem)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Foundations_of_Introductory_Chemistry-1/1.09%3A_Electronic_Structure/11.2%3A_Quantum_Numbers_for_ElectronsElectrons in atoms have quantized energies. The state of electrons in atoms is described by four quantum numbers.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Schenectady_County_Community_College/113_Fundamentals_of_Chemistry/05%3A_Electronic_Structure/5.04%3A_Organization_of_Electrons_in_AtomsThe Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that can be followed. Electron config...The Pauli exclusion principle limits the number of electrons in the subshells and shells. Electrons in larger atoms fill shells and subshells in a regular pattern that can be followed. Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in atoms. Abbreviated electron configurations are a simpler way of representing electron configurations for larger atoms. Exceptions to the strict filling of subshells with electrons occur.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Schenectady_County_Community_College/113_Fundamentals_of_Chemistry/05%3A_Electronic_Structure/5.03%3A_Quantum_Numbers_for_ElectronsElectrons in atoms have quantized energies. The state of electrons in atoms is described by four quantum numbers.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/08%3A_Multielectron_AtomsThis page explores multi-electron atoms in atomic physics, covering atomic units, perturbation theory, and Hartree-Fock equations. It highlights electron spin and antisymmetric wavefunctions, emphasiz...This page explores multi-electron atoms in atomic physics, covering atomic units, perturbation theory, and Hartree-Fock equations. It highlights electron spin and antisymmetric wavefunctions, emphasizing the Hartree method and Slater determinants for approximating wavefunctions and energy states. The significance of term symbols in describing electron configurations and their role in interpreting atomic spectra, following principles like Hund's rules, is also discussed.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/01%3A_The_Dawn_of_the_Quantum_Theory/1.06%3A_Matter_Has_Wavelike_PropertiesThis page explores the wave-particle duality of matter, particularly through de Broglie's 1924 Ph.D. thesis, which posits that particles like electrons exhibit wave-like properties linked to their mom...This page explores the wave-particle duality of matter, particularly through de Broglie's 1924 Ph.D. thesis, which posits that particles like electrons exhibit wave-like properties linked to their momentum. His theory, originally met with skepticism, gained endorsement from Einstein and introduced the concept of the de Broglie wavelength.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/04%3A_Atomic_StructureThis page details the evolution of atomic theory from ancient Greece to modern science, contrasting Democritus's indivisible atoms with Aristotle's divisible matter. It discusses fundamental laws of c...This page details the evolution of atomic theory from ancient Greece to modern science, contrasting Democritus's indivisible atoms with Aristotle's divisible matter. It discusses fundamental laws of chemistry, like conservation of mass, and pivotal experiments such as Rutherford's gold foil and J.J. Thomson's cathode ray tube that reveal atomic structure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.09%3A_Quantum_MechanicsThis page delves into quantum mechanics, highlighting the dual wave-particle nature of atomic and subatomic particles. It contrasts quantum mechanics with classical mechanics, focusing on discrete ene...This page delves into quantum mechanics, highlighting the dual wave-particle nature of atomic and subatomic particles. It contrasts quantum mechanics with classical mechanics, focusing on discrete energy changes (quanta) and the fundamental uncertainty in electron positioning, which is addressed through probabilities. Prominent physicists like Niels Bohr and Richard Feynman stressed the baffling aspects of quantum theory, emphasizing its challenge to traditional concepts in physics.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.08%3A_de_Broglie_Wave_EquationThis page discusses Bohr's atomic model and its limitations regarding electron orbits. It highlights the work of Louis de Broglie, who introduced the wave nature of particles, showing that electrons b...This page discusses Bohr's atomic model and its limitations regarding electron orbits. It highlights the work of Louis de Broglie, who introduced the wave nature of particles, showing that electrons behave with dual characteristics. De Broglie's equation allows for the calculation of an electron's wavelength, indicating that a decrease in speed results in an increased wavelength.
