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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/CHEM_202%3A_General_Chemistry_II_OER/08%3A_Thermodynamics/8.08%3A_Coupled_ReactionsTwo (or more) reactions may be combined such that a spontaneous reaction may be made 'drive' an nonspontaneous one. Such reactions may be considered coupled. Changes in Gibbs energy of the coupled re...Two (or more) reactions may be combined such that a spontaneous reaction may be made 'drive' an nonspontaneous one. Such reactions may be considered coupled. Changes in Gibbs energy of the coupled reactions are additive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Missouri/MU%3A__1330H_(Keller)/23%3A_Metals_and_Metallurgy/23.2%3A_PyrometallurgyThe oldest, and still the most common smelting process for oxide ores involves heating them in the presence of carbon. Originally, charcoal was used, but industrial-scale smelting uses coke, a crude f...The oldest, and still the most common smelting process for oxide ores involves heating them in the presence of carbon. Originally, charcoal was used, but industrial-scale smelting uses coke, a crude form of carbon prepared by pyrolysis (heating) of coal. It is possible to isolate many of the representative metals by chemical reduction using other elements as reducing agents. In general, chemical reduction is much less expensive than electrolysis, and for this reason, chemical reduction is the m
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_General_Chemistry_(Petrucci_et_al.)/19%3A_Spontaneous_Change%3A_Entropy_and_Gibbs_Energy/19.8%3A_Coupled_ReactionsTwo (or more) reactions may be combined such that a spontaneous reaction may be made 'drive' an nonspontaneous one. Such reactions may be considered coupled. Changes in Gibbs energy of the coupled re...Two (or more) reactions may be combined such that a spontaneous reaction may be made 'drive' an nonspontaneous one. Such reactions may be considered coupled. Changes in Gibbs energy of the coupled reactions are additive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/15%3A_Thermodynamics_of_Chemical_Equilibria/15.06%3A_Free_energy_and_EquilibriumUnder conditions of constant temperature and pressure, chemical change will tend to occur in whatever direction leads to a decrease in the value of the Gibbs free energy. In this lesson we will see ho...Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, chemical change will tend to occur in whatever direction leads to a decrease in the value of the Gibbs free energy. In this lesson we will see how G varies with the composition of the system as reactants change into products. When G falls as far as it can, all net change comes to a stop. The equilibrium composition of the mixture is determined by ΔG° which also defines the equilibrium constant K.
