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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Matanuska-Susitna_College/MatSu_College-CHEM_A104_Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry/18%3A_Amino_Acids_Proteins_and_Enzymes/18.10%3A_Enzyme_Cofactors_and_VitaminsVitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble...Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Most water-soluble vitamins are needed for the formation of coenzymes, which are organic molecules needed by some enzymes for catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/25%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/25.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \PageIndex2: The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \PageIndex2: The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/26%3A_Biochemistry/26.07%3A_EnzymesThis page discusses the isolation of urease by James Sumner in 1926, highlighting its role as the first enzyme and earning Sumner a Nobel Prize in 1946. It explains enzymes as biological catalysts tha...This page discusses the isolation of urease by James Sumner in 1926, highlighting its role as the first enzyme and earning Sumner a Nobel Prize in 1946. It explains enzymes as biological catalysts that facilitate reactions by binding substrates at active sites, and describes how inhibitors can disrupt their function either competitively or non-competitively. Additionally, it notes that some enzymes need cofactors, which are non-protein molecules essential for their activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.10%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Basics_of_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/18%3A_Amino_Acids_Proteins_and_Enzymes/18.09%3A_Enzyme_Cofactors_and_VitaminsVitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble...Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Most water-soluble vitamins are needed for the formation of coenzymes, which are organic molecules needed by some enzymes for catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/08%3A_Proteins/8.09%3A_E-_Proteins_(Exercises)Problems and select solutions for the chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.12%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \PageIndex2: The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \PageIndex2: The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.11%3A_A_Comparison_between_Biological_Reactions_and_Laboratory_ReactionsA critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking poi...A critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking point for the enzyme’s substrate(s) (‘substrate’ is the term that biochemists use for a reactant molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_4320/Chem_4320%2F%2F5320%3A_Biochemistry_1/08%3A_Enzyme_Regulation/8.1%3A_Regulation_of_Enzyme_ActivityEnzymes can be slowed down or even prevented from catalyzing reactions in many ways including preventing the substrate from entering the active site or preventing the enzyme from altering conformation...Enzymes can be slowed down or even prevented from catalyzing reactions in many ways including preventing the substrate from entering the active site or preventing the enzyme from altering conformation to catalyze the reaction. The inhibitors that do this can do so either reversibly or irreversibly. The irreversible inhibitors are also called inactivators, and reversible inhibitors are generally grouped into two basic types: competitive and non-competitive.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Malik)/07%3A_Proteins/7.09%3A_EnzymesTerminology related to enzymes, their nomenclature, and classification are described along with the models of enzyme action, factors that affect enzyme activity, and inhibitors that retard or destroy ...Terminology related to enzymes, their nomenclature, and classification are described along with the models of enzyme action, factors that affect enzyme activity, and inhibitors that retard or destroy the enzyme activity.
