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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Matanuska-Susitna_College/MatSu_College-CHEM_A104_Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry/18%3A_Amino_Acids_Proteins_and_Enzymes/18.10%3A_Enzyme_Cofactors_and_VitaminsVitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble...Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Most water-soluble vitamins are needed for the formation of coenzymes, which are organic molecules needed by some enzymes for catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/25%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/25.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.10%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesEnzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes...Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells, functioning by lowering activation energy. They are often proteins, though some RNA molecules (ribozymes) can act as enzymes. Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes, often derived from vitamins. Together, they play crucial roles in metabolic pathways and cellular processes, ensuring efficiency and specificity in biochemical reactions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Basics_of_General_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/18%3A_Amino_Acids_Proteins_and_Enzymes/18.09%3A_Enzyme_Cofactors_and_VitaminsVitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble...Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism. Vitamins are divided into two broad categories: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Most water-soluble vitamins are needed for the formation of coenzymes, which are organic molecules needed by some enzymes for catalytic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/Organic_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Biomolecules-_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.12%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Morsch_et_al.)/06%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/6.11%3A_A_Comparison_between_Biological_Reactions_and_Laboratory_ReactionsA critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking poi...A critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking point for the enzyme’s substrate(s) (‘substrate’ is the term that biochemists use for a reactant molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introduction_to_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Malik)/07%3A_Proteins/7.09%3A_EnzymesTerminology related to enzymes, their nomenclature, and classification are described along with the models of enzyme action, factors that affect enzyme activity, and inhibitors that retard or destroy ...Terminology related to enzymes, their nomenclature, and classification are described along with the models of enzyme action, factors that affect enzyme activity, and inhibitors that retard or destroy the enzyme activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Smith_College/CHM_222_Chemistry_II%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(2025)/07%3A_An_Overview_of_Organic_Reactions/7.12%3A_A_Comparison_between_Biological_Reactions_and_Laboratory_ReactionsA critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking poi...A critical element in the three-dimensional structure of any enzyme is the presence of an ‘active site’, which is a pocket, usually located in the interior of the protein, that serves as a docking point for the enzyme’s substrate(s) (‘substrate’ is the term that biochemists use for a reactant molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/08%3A_Proteins/8.05%3A_Enzymes_-_Biological_CatalystsMost chemical reactions within organisms would be impossible under the conditions in cells. e.g., the body temperature of most organisms is too low for reactions to occur quickly enough to carry out l...Most chemical reactions within organisms would be impossible under the conditions in cells. e.g., the body temperature of most organisms is too low for reactions to occur quickly enough to carry out life processes. Reactants may also be present in such low concentrations that it is unlikely they will meet and collide. Therefore, the rate of most biochemical reactions must be increased by a catalyst, which speeds up chemical reactions. In organisms, catalysts are called enzymes.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_III_(Morsch_et_al.)/26%3A_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/26.11%3A_Enzymes_and_CoenzymesFigure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a ...Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action. (a) Because the substrate and the active site of the enzyme have complementary structures and bonding groups, they fit together as a key fits a lock. (b) The catalytic reaction occurs while the two are bonded together in the enzyme-substrate complex.
