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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Fundamentals/Structure_of_Organic_Molecules/The_E-Z_system_for_naming_alkenesThen, see whether the higher priority group at one end of the double bond and the higher priority group at the other end of the double bond are on the same side (Z, from German zusammen = together) or...Then, see whether the higher priority group at one end of the double bond and the higher priority group at the other end of the double bond are on the same side (Z, from German zusammen = together) or on opposite sides (E, from German entgegen = opposite) of the double bond. In this case, the priority group is "down" on the left end of the double bond and "up" on the right end of the double bond.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/AmidesAmides are derived from carboxylic acids. While carboxylic acids contain the -COOH group, in amides the -OH part of that group is replaced by an \(-NH_2\) group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Chemistry_LHS_Bridge/12%3A_Alkanes/12.02%3A_Properties_of_Alkanes/12.2.03%3A_Cycloalkanes/12.2.3.02%3A_Rings-_cis_trans_and_axial_equatorial_relationshipsThe purpose of this page is to help organic chem students show how substituent groups are located on ring structures. We focus here on six-membered rings (6-rings); these are among the most common rin...The purpose of this page is to help organic chem students show how substituent groups are located on ring structures. We focus here on six-membered rings (6-rings); these are among the most common rings in organic chem (and biochem), and they suffice to raise the main issues. We will look at how to show cis and trans relationships in simple hexagon structural formulas, and we will look at structures showing the common "chair" conformation, focusing on axial vs equatorial orientations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkanes/Properties_of_Alkanes/Cycloalkanes/Rings%3A_cis_trans_and_axial_equatorial_relationshipsThe purpose of this page is to help organic chem students show how substituent groups are located on ring structures. We focus here on six-membered rings (6-rings); these are among the most common rin...The purpose of this page is to help organic chem students show how substituent groups are located on ring structures. We focus here on six-membered rings (6-rings); these are among the most common rings in organic chem (and biochem), and they suffice to raise the main issues. We will look at how to show cis and trans relationships in simple hexagon structural formulas, and we will look at structures showing the common "chair" conformation, focusing on axial vs equatorial orientations.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/AzidesAzide is the anion with the formula N3-. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid (HN3 ).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Arenes/Properties_of_Arenes/The_Phenyl_GroupThe line extending off without anything connected is the line that shows this is a group, which should be attached to something. For example, one might have phenyl chloride (C 6 H 5 Cl, also called ch...The line extending off without anything connected is the line that shows this is a group, which should be attached to something. For example, one might have phenyl chloride (C 6 H 5 Cl, also called chlorobenzene) or one might have benzyl chloride (C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl). (The structures of these two compounds are shown below in Figure 2.) The phenyl group is based simply on benzene, with one H removed. The benzyl group is based on methylbenzene (toluene), with one H removed from the methyl group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Fundamentals/Chemical_Reactivity/Balancing_Organic_Redox_ReactionsThe general idea is that there is a “natural” way to write each half-cell reaction, somehow showing the electron transfer that is characteristic of redox reactions. With inorganic reactions, it is com...The general idea is that there is a “natural” way to write each half-cell reaction, somehow showing the electron transfer that is characteristic of redox reactions. With inorganic reactions, it is common to show free electrons. With organic reactions, it is common to show species such as free hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms. Importantly, these various ways to show electron transfer are easily related to each other.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Quantifying_Nature/Significant_Digits/Significant_FiguresSignificant figures are used to keep track of the quality (variability) of measurements. This includes propagating that information during calculations using the measurements. The purpose of this page...Significant figures are used to keep track of the quality (variability) of measurements. This includes propagating that information during calculations using the measurements. The purpose of this page is to help you organize the information about significant figures -- to help you set priorities.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Analytical_Chemistry)/Quantifying_Nature/Units_of_Measure/Metric_Prefixes_-_from_yotta_to_yoctoIn introductory chemistry we use only a few of the most common metric prefixes, such as milli, centi, and kilo. Our various textbooks and lab manuals contain longer lists of prefixes, but few if any c...In introductory chemistry we use only a few of the most common metric prefixes, such as milli, centi, and kilo. Our various textbooks and lab manuals contain longer lists of prefixes, but few if any contain a complete list.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Arenes/Properties_of_Arenes/Aromaticity/What_does_aromatic_really_meanThat is, one key feature of aromatic compounds is that there is a set of electrons in a loop orbital resulting from overlapping p orbitals around a ring. (sometimes referred to as a "closed loop of si...That is, one key feature of aromatic compounds is that there is a set of electrons in a loop orbital resulting from overlapping p orbitals around a ring. (sometimes referred to as a "closed loop of six electrons", which he also calls the "aromatic sextet").
