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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.E%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry-_HomeworkEnd of chapter homework problems for Chapter \(\PageIndex{1}\).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/11%3A_Appendices/11.07%3A_Units_and_Conversion_Factors= 0.001 m 3 (exact, definition) = 1000 cm 3 (exact, definition) = 1.057 (US) quarts = 32 (US) liquid ounces (exact, definition) = 0.25 (US) gallon (exact, definition) = 0.9463 L = N m –2 (exact, defin...= 0.001 m 3 (exact, definition) = 1000 cm 3 (exact, definition) = 1.057 (US) quarts = 32 (US) liquid ounces (exact, definition) = 0.25 (US) gallon (exact, definition) = 0.9463 L = N m –2 (exact, definition) = kg m –1 s –2 (exact, definition) = 760 mm Hg (exact, definition) = 760 torr (exact, definition) = 101,325 N m –2 (exact, definition) = 101,325 Pa (exact, definition) = 10 5 Pa (exact, definition) = 10 5 kg m –1 s –2 (exact, definition)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.02%3A_MeasurementsMeasurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be repr...Measurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be represented in either decimal or scientific notation. Scientists primarily use the SI (International System) or metric systems. We use base SI units such as meters, seconds, and kilograms, as well as derived units, such as liters (for volume) and g/cm3 (for density).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/09%3A_Advanced_Theories_of_Covalent_Bonding/9.02%3A_Multiple_BondsMultiple bonds consist of a σ bond located along the axis between two atoms and one or two π bonds. The σ bonds are usually formed by the overlap of hybridized atomic orbitals, while the π bonds are f...Multiple bonds consist of a σ bond located along the axis between two atoms and one or two π bonds. The σ bonds are usually formed by the overlap of hybridized atomic orbitals, while the π bonds are formed by the side-by-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals. Resonance occurs when there are multiple unhybridized orbitals with the appropriate alignment to overlap, so the placement of π bonds can vary.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/03%3A_Composition_of_Substances_and_SolutionsQuantitative aspects of the composition of substances and mixtures are the subject of this chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/07%3A_Electronic_Structure_and_Periodic_Properties/7.02%3A_The_Bohr_ModelBohr incorporated Planck’s and Einstein’s quantization ideas into a model of the hydrogen atom that resolved the paradox of atom stability and discrete spectra. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom exp...Bohr incorporated Planck’s and Einstein’s quantization ideas into a model of the hydrogen atom that resolved the paradox of atom stability and discrete spectra. The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom explains the connection between the quantization of photons and the quantized emission from atoms. Bohr described the hydrogen atom in terms of an electron moving in a circular orbit about a nucleus. He postulated that the electron was restricted to certain orbits characterized by discrete energies.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.E%3A_Liquids_and_Solids_(Exercises)These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "Chemistry" by OpenStax.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/06%3A_Thermochemistry/6.01%3A_Energy_BasicsEnergy is the capacity to do work (applying a force to move matter). Heat is energy that is transferred between objects at different temperatures; it flows from a high to a low temperature. Chemical a...Energy is the capacity to do work (applying a force to move matter). Heat is energy that is transferred between objects at different temperatures; it flows from a high to a low temperature. Chemical and physical processes can absorb heat (endothermic) or release heat (exothermic). The SI unit of energy, heat, and work is the joule (J). Specific heat and heat capacity are measures of the energy needed to change the temperature of a substance or object.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/06%3A_Thermochemistry/6.05%3A_Conservation_of_Energy-_Coffee_Cup_Calorimetry_(Video)Coffee cup calorimetry is a variation of bomb calorimetry which uses a Styrofoam cup. The cup Isolates the system so you only have to look at the liquids inside. The main difference with bomb calorime...Coffee cup calorimetry is a variation of bomb calorimetry which uses a Styrofoam cup. The cup Isolates the system so you only have to look at the liquids inside. The main difference with bomb calorimetry is that specific heat and the weight of the material in the cup must be determined. Conservation of Energy: Coffee Cup Calorimetry: https://youtu.be/FwQcc17PN0k
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/06%3A_Thermochemistry/6.01%3A_Prelude_to_ThermochemistryUseful forms of energy are also available from a variety of chemical reactions other than combustion. For example, the energy produced by the batteries in a cell phone, car, or flashlight results from...Useful forms of energy are also available from a variety of chemical reactions other than combustion. For example, the energy produced by the batteries in a cell phone, car, or flashlight results from chemical reactions. This chapter introduces many of the basic ideas necessary to explore the relationships between chemical changes and energy, with a focus on thermal energy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/CHEM_145%3A_FA22_Van_Bramer/02%3A_Atoms_Molecules_and_Ions/2.06%3A_Finding_the_Averaged_Atomic_Weight_of_an_Element_(Video)This project was preformed to supply Libretext authors with videos on General Chemistry topics which can be used to enhance their projects. Also, these videos are meant to act as a learning resource f...This project was preformed to supply Libretext authors with videos on General Chemistry topics which can be used to enhance their projects. Also, these videos are meant to act as a learning resource for all General Chemistry students. Video Topics Averaged Atomic Weight of an element is determined by the number of isotopes of the element and their relative abundance. Link to Video Finding the Averaged Atomic Weight of an Element: https://youtu.be/bmP6Gr9zJiQ
