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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Lab_I/01%3A_Guide_For_Writing_Lab_Reports/1.04%3A_Examples_of_Portions_of_Lab_ReportsYou must note the following: (a) When handling very small amounts of substances it is more convenient to use millimoles (mmoles) instead of moles. (b) We are mainly concerned with reporting the proper...You must note the following: (a) When handling very small amounts of substances it is more convenient to use millimoles (mmoles) instead of moles. (b) We are mainly concerned with reporting the properties of organic products such as 1-bromobutane, and not inorganic products such as sodium bisulfate. The melting point of the crystallized product (110-112 o C) is higher than that of the crude material (105-109 o C), indicating a higher degree of purity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/16%3A_Electrophilic_Additions_of_Alkenes_as_the_Counterpart_of_Eliminations/16.02%3A_Regioselectivity_and_Formation_of_Anti-Markovnikov_Products_Via_Free_Radical_MechanismsThis is the case in the addition of HBr to alkenes in the presence of peroxides. This promotes a reaction where the reactants add in a different order and by a different mechanism, in this case with f...This is the case in the addition of HBr to alkenes in the presence of peroxides. This promotes a reaction where the reactants add in a different order and by a different mechanism, in this case with formation of the most stable free radical. c) The reaction follows a free radical mechanism, where the bromine is first to add to the alkene with formation of the most stable free radical, which eventually leads to the anti-Markovnikov product.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Lab_II/14%3A_Experiment_67-_Vanillin/14.04%3A_Experiment_65_ReactionsExperiment 65 uses the reaction between acetic anhydride and vanillin to illustrate the effects of catalysis (as shown above) and the reactivities of the functional groups present in the molecules. By...Experiment 65 uses the reaction between acetic anhydride and vanillin to illustrate the effects of catalysis (as shown above) and the reactivities of the functional groups present in the molecules. By working out the mechanism you should be able to arrive at the structure of the esterification product obtained from the acid and the base catalyzed reactions. The positive charge shown on the central oxygen makes the circled part a good leaving group relative to the rest of the structure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/03%3A_Covalent_Bonding/3.01%3A_Learning_Objectives_Valence_Electrons_Octet_RuleIn the periodic table, the number of valence electrons is given by the group number. Hydrogen, the only element in the first row besides Helium, fulfills the “octet rule” by sharing two electrons only...In the periodic table, the number of valence electrons is given by the group number. Hydrogen, the only element in the first row besides Helium, fulfills the “octet rule” by sharing two electrons only. The elements of the second row fulfill the octet rule by sharing eight electrons, thus acquiring the electronic configuration of neon, the noble gas of this row. Besides hydrogen, most of the elements of interest in this course are the second row nonmetals: C, N, O, and the halogens.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/06%3A_Electron_Delocalization_and_Resonance/6.02%3A_Using_Curved_Arrows--Additional_ConceptsThe following example illustrates how a lone pair of electrons from carbon can be moved to make a new pi bond to an adjacent carbon, and how the pi electrons between carbon and oxygen can be moved to ...The following example illustrates how a lone pair of electrons from carbon can be moved to make a new pi bond to an adjacent carbon, and how the pi electrons between carbon and oxygen can be moved to become a pair of unshared electrons on oxygen. As the electrons from the nitrogen lone pair move towards the neighboring carbon to make a new pi bond, the pi electrons making up the C=O bond must be displaced towards the oxygen to avoid ending up with five bonds to the central carbon.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Lab_II/03%3A_Experiment_35-_Oxidation_of_Borneol/3.01%3A_Oxidation_and_Reduction_in_Organic_ChemistryThe concepts of oxidation and reduction in chemistry are fundamentally related to the loss and gain of electrons, respectively. Since carbon is the most important element in organic chemistry, we can ...The concepts of oxidation and reduction in chemistry are fundamentally related to the loss and gain of electrons, respectively. Since carbon is the most important element in organic chemistry, we can define oxidation as a process whereby carbon gains bonds to more electronegative atoms. The functional groups that contain the most highly oxidized form of carbon in organic compounds are the carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Lab_II/04%3A_Guidelines_for_Writing_Lab_Reports/4.03%3A_Format_and_Grading_Criteria_for_Prelabs_and_Lab_ReportsFor example, in a crystallization experiment the learning objective is to illustrate the technique of crystallization by having the student perform the steps involved. TABLE OF RESULTS AND SUPPORTING ...For example, in a crystallization experiment the learning objective is to illustrate the technique of crystallization by having the student perform the steps involved. TABLE OF RESULTS AND SUPPORTING MATERIALS – This is similar to the table of starting materials but it shows data that pertain to the products or results of the experiment. Maybe it is the spectrum of a byproduct, indicating that the conditions of the experiment favored formation of a product other than the expected one.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Lab_I/08%3A_Exp._16-_Spinach_Pigments/8.02%3A_Preparing_a_Microscale_ColumnSecure the pipette vertically with a clamp, and place an empty beaker at the bottom to collect the solvent that goes through the column. Carefully pour small amounts of the slurry into the pipette wit...Secure the pipette vertically with a clamp, and place an empty beaker at the bottom to collect the solvent that goes through the column. Carefully pour small amounts of the slurry into the pipette with a dropper until the height of slurry that settles inside the pipette is about 1 – 1.5 inches. If you see that this is about to happen, interrupt the solvent flow by blocking the bottom of the pipette and add more solvent or slurry, as it might be the case.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/18%3A_Important_Concepts_in_Alkyne_Chemistry
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/Problems/Chapter_1%3A_All_Exercises
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)/15%3A_Relationship_Between_Sn1_and_E1_Reactions
