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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/01%3A_Environmental_Toxicology
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/06%3A_Risk_Assessment_and_Regulation/6.07%3A_Risk_perceptionIf the stakes are high, people can knowingly risk their life in order to improve it, as the thousands of immigrants trying to cross the Mediterranean illustrate, or even to give their life for a highe...If the stakes are high, people can knowingly risk their life in order to improve it, as the thousands of immigrants trying to cross the Mediterranean illustrate, or even to give their life for a higher cause, like soldiers at war (Winston Churchill in 1940: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat"). This is how people can feel if the government tells them the risk of the polluted soil they live on is extremely small and that it would be wiser for them to quit smoking.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/04%3A_Toxicology/4.05%3A_Availability_and_bioavailabilityThe passive sampler, enriched in the analyte (similarly to the floating iceberg in Figure 1, left, where C sorbed in this case is the concentration in the passive sampler), can be used in this way to ...The passive sampler, enriched in the analyte (similarly to the floating iceberg in Figure 1, left, where C sorbed in this case is the concentration in the passive sampler), can be used in this way to determine indirectly the pollutant concentration present in the aqueous phase, even at very low concentrations, though the appropriate distribution ratio between sampler and water.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/38%3A_Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/38.05%3A_Population_Community_and_Ecosystem_Ecotoxicology/38.5.05%3A_Population_modelsPopulation growth r is expressed as the value observed in exposed organisms (r(C)) relative to the value in the control situation (r(0)) The exposure concentrations C, are scaled relative to the media...Population growth r is expressed as the value observed in exposed organisms (r(C)) relative to the value in the control situation (r(0)) The exposure concentrations C, are scaled relative to the median lethal concentration LC 50 of the toxicant.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/06%3A_Risk_Assessment_and_Regulation/6.03%3A_Predictive_risk_assessment_approaches_and_toolsThird, common statistical software for deriving the two parameters of the log-normal model (the mean and the standard deviation of the ecotoxicity data) can be applied, or the SSD can be described wit...Third, common statistical software for deriving the two parameters of the log-normal model (the mean and the standard deviation of the ecotoxicity data) can be applied, or the SSD can be described with a dedicated software tool such as ET X (see below), including a formal evaluation of the 'goodness of fit' of the model to the data.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/00%3A_Front_Matter
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/05%3A_Population_Community_and_Ecosystem_Ecotoxicology/5.03%3A_Wildlife_population_ecotoxicologyIn order to assess the actual contribution of chemical exposure to the extinction of the otters, and the potential for population recovery it is essential to gain insight in the ratios between exposur...In order to assess the actual contribution of chemical exposure to the extinction of the otters, and the potential for population recovery it is essential to gain insight in the ratios between exposure levels and risk thresholds. To re-establish a viable population of otters in the Netherlands, a program was established in the mid-1990s to re-introduce otters in the Netherlands, including monitoring of PCBs and other organic contaminants in the otters.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/38%3A_Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/38.02%3A_Environmental_Chemistry_Chemicals/38.2.03%3A_Pollutants_with_specific_useThe next value to the left is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1, and the next value to the left is the number of carbon atoms less one (zeroes are not stated), and the remaining atoms are chlorine. ...The next value to the left is the number of hydrogen atoms plus 1, and the next value to the left is the number of carbon atoms less one (zeroes are not stated), and the remaining atoms are chlorine. Potential concerns about the ecotoxicological impact of fragrances have arisen on the one hand because of a lack of disclosure of fragrance formulations and on the other hand because of the detection of certain persistent fragrances in the environment (e.g.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/38%3A_Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)This textbook on Environmental Toxicology aims at covering the field in its full width, including aspects of environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, toxicology and risk assessment. This contributes to...This textbook on Environmental Toxicology aims at covering the field in its full width, including aspects of environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, toxicology and risk assessment. This contributes to improving the quality, continuity and transparency of the education in environmental toxicology. We make sure that fundamental insights on fate and effects of chemicals gained in the past are combined with recent approaches of effect assessment and molecular analysis of mechanisms causing toxicity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/38%3A_Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/38.04%3A_Toxicology/38.4.04%3A_Increasing_ecological_realism_in_toxicity_testingTo calculate the effect of a mixture of compounds with different modes of action, Response Addition is applied as follows: The probability that a compound, at the concentration at which it is present ...To calculate the effect of a mixture of compounds with different modes of action, Response Addition is applied as follows: The probability that a compound, at the concentration at which it is present in the mixture, exerts a toxic effect (scaled from 0 to 1), differs per compound and the cumulative effect of the mixture is the result of combining these probabilities, according to:
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/38%3A_Environmental_Toxicology_(van_Gestel_et_al.)/38.03%3A_Environmental_Chemistry_-_From_Fate_to_Exposure/38.3.01%3A_Environmental_compartmentsDermal uptake by soil organisms is generally from the pool of chemicals in the soil pore water, hence the distribution of chemicals between solid particles and organic materials in the soil and the so...Dermal uptake by soil organisms is generally from the pool of chemicals in the soil pore water, hence the distribution of chemicals between solid particles and organic materials in the soil and the soil pore water is extremely important in driving the dermal uptake of chemicals by earthworms (See section 3.4 on Partitioning and partitioning constants, section 3.5 on Metal speciation and 3.6 on Availability and bioavailability).
