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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westfield_State_University/Chem0103_Chemistry_of_the_Life_Sciences_(Theis)/01%3A_Atoms_and_compounds/1.06%3A_Extras/1.6.04%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemical_Bonding_(GenChem_Brown)/1.6.4.02%3A_Ionic_BondingThe amount of energy needed to separate a gaseous ion pair is its bond energy. The formation of ionic compounds are usually extremely exothermic. The strength of the electrostatic attraction between i...The amount of energy needed to separate a gaseous ion pair is its bond energy. The formation of ionic compounds are usually extremely exothermic. The strength of the electrostatic attraction between ions with opposite charges is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charges on the ions and inversely proportional to the internuclear distance.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/CH100%3A_Everyday_Chemistry/05%3A_Ions/5.1%3A_Ions_-_Losing_and_Gaining_ElectronsAtom may lose valence electrons quite to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charge...Atom may lose valence electrons quite to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cations. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Chabot_College/Introduction_to_General_Organic_and_Biochemistry/04%3A_Atoms/4.06%3A_Ions_-_Losing_and_Gaining_ElectronsAtom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence...Atom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell, and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/CHEM_2100%3A_General_Chemistry_I_(Mink)/02%3A_Atoms_Molecules_and_Ions/2.04%3A_Atomic_Structure_and_SymbolismAn atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass ...An atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass of one atom is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu), which is referred to as the atomic mass. An amu is defined as exactly 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom and is equal to 1.6605 × 10−24 g.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2200%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Mink)/02%3A_Atoms_Molecules_and_Ions/2.04%3A_Atomic_Structure_and_SymbolismAn atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass ...An atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass of one atom is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu), which is referred to as the atomic mass. An amu is defined as exactly 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom and is equal to 1.6605 × 10−24 g.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Grand_Rapids_Community_College/CHM_120%3A_Survey_of_General_Chemistry_(Crandell)/02%3A_Measurements_and_the_Periodic_Table/2.06%3A_Atomic_Structure_and_SymbolismAn atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass ...An atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass of one atom is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu), which is referred to as the atomic mass. An amu is defined as exactly 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom and is equal to 1.6605 × 10−24 g.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/UBC_Introductory_Chemistry/06%3A_Atomic_Structure_and_Periodic_Trends/6.04%3A_Ions_-_Losing_and_Gaining_ElectronsAtom may lose valence electrons quite to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charge...Atom may lose valence electrons quite to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cations. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Bellingham_Technical_College/Bellingham_Technical_College_CHEM_121/02%3A_Module_2_-_Atoms_and_Bonding/2.05%3A_Ions_-_Losing_and_Gaining_ElectronsAtom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence...Atom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell, and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chemistry_2e_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Atoms_Molecules_and_Ions/2.03%3A_Atomic_Structure_and_SymbolismAn atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass ...An atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; its diameter is about 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. The mass of one atom is usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu), which is referred to as the atomic mass. An amu is defined as exactly 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom and is equal to 1.6605 × 10−24 g.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fresno_City_College/Introductory_Chemistry_Atoms_First_for_FCC/04%3A_Compounds_and_Chemical_Bonds/4.05%3A_Ionic_Compounds/4.5.01%3A_Ions_-_Monatomic_and_PolyatomicAtom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence...Atom may lose valence electrons to obtain a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result. Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell, and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Anoka-Ramsey_Community_College/Introduction_to_Chemistry/04%3A_Atoms_and_Elements/4.09%3A_Ion_FormationMetal atoms may lose valence electrons to form a more stable arrangement of electrons. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charg...Metal atoms may lose valence electrons to form a more stable arrangement of electrons. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. These positively charged ions are called cations. In contrast, nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons and thus become negatively charged. Negatively charged ions are called anions.
