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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/13%3A_Properties_of_Solutions/13.05%3A_Colligative_PropertiesColligative properties of a solution depend on only the total number of dissolved particles in solution, not on their chemical identity. Colligative properties include vapor pressure, boiling point, f...Colligative properties of a solution depend on only the total number of dissolved particles in solution, not on their chemical identity. Colligative properties include vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure. The addition of a nonvolatile solute (one without a measurable vapor pressure) decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent. The vapor pressure of the solution is proportional to the mole fraction of solvent in the solution, a relationship known as Raoult’s law.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Nassau_Community_College/Principles_of_Chemistry/11%3A_Solutions/11.06%3A_Colligative_Properties_of_SolutionsColligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The...Colligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The boiling points of solutions are always higher, and the freezing points always lower, than those of the pure solvent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/San_Francisco_State_University/General_Physical_Chemistry_I_(Gerber)/03%3A_Properties_of_Liquids/3.06%3A_Vapor_PressurePressure is the average force that material (gas, liquid or solid) exert upon the surface, e.g. walls of a container or other confining boundary. Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pr...Pressure is the average force that material (gas, liquid or solid) exert upon the surface, e.g. walls of a container or other confining boundary. Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed container. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate or sublime into a gaseous form and all gases have a tendency to condense back to their liquid or solid form.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Beginning_Chemistry_(Ball)/11%3A_Solutions/11.06%3A_Colligative_Properties_of_SolutionsColligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The...Colligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The boiling points of solutions are always higher, and the freezing points always lower, than those of the pure solvent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Brevard_College/CHE_104%3A_Principles_of_Chemistry_II/03%3A_Solutions_and_Colloids/3.06%3A_Colligative_Properties_of_SolutionsColligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The...Colligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The boiling points of solutions are always higher, and the freezing points of solutions are always lower, than those of the pure solvent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Roosevelt_University/General_Organic_and_Biochemistry_with_Problems_Case_Studies_and_Activities/08%3A_Gases_Liquids_and_Solids/8.08%3A_Osmosis_Diffusion_and_DialysisProperties of a solution that depend only on the concentration of solute particles are called colligative properties. They include changes in the vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point of t...Properties of a solution that depend only on the concentration of solute particles are called colligative properties. They include changes in the vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point of the solvent in the solution. The magnitudes of these properties depend only on the total concentration of solute particles in solution, not on the type of particles. The total concentration of solute particles in a solution also determines its osmotic pressure.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al)/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Solutions/1020%3A_Ideal_Solutions-_Raoults_LawHow does mixing two volatile liquids affect vapor pressure? Read on to find out...
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Fullerton_College/Beginning_Chemistry_(Chan)/11%3A_Solutions/11.07%3A_Colligative_Properties_of_SolutionsColligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The...Colligative properties depend only on the number of dissolved particles (that is, the concentration), not their identity. Raoult's law is concerned with the vapor pressure depression of solutions. The boiling points of solutions are always higher, and the freezing points always lower, than those of the pure solvent.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Equilibria/Physical_Equilibria/Non-Ideal_Mixtures_of_LiquidsThis page looks at the phase diagrams for non-ideal mixtures of liquids, and introduces the idea of an azeotropic mixture (also known as an azeotrope or constant boiling mixture). It goes on to explai...This page looks at the phase diagrams for non-ideal mixtures of liquids, and introduces the idea of an azeotropic mixture (also known as an azeotrope or constant boiling mixture). It goes on to explain how this complicates the process of fractionally distilling such a mixture.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/24%3A_Solutions_I_-_Volatile_Solutes/24.02%3A_The_Gibbs-Duhem_Equation_Relates_Chemical_Potential_and_Composition_at_EquilibriumThis page discusses the Gibbs-Duhem relationship, which states that at equilibrium, chemical potential changes in a mixture at constant temperature and pressure are linked to the system's composition....This page discusses the Gibbs-Duhem relationship, which states that at equilibrium, chemical potential changes in a mixture at constant temperature and pressure are linked to the system's composition. Derived from Gibbs free energy, it shows the interrelation of chemical potentials in binary systems and their dependence on concentration, relating to Raoult's law. Ultimately, the relationship emphasizes the thermodynamic consistency necessary for equilibrium in multi-component systems.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Nassau_Community_College/General_Chemistry_1/11%3A_Solutions_and_Colloids/11.05%3A_Colligative_PropertiesProperties of a solution that depend only on the concentration of solute particles are called colligative properties. They include changes in the vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point of t...Properties of a solution that depend only on the concentration of solute particles are called colligative properties. They include changes in the vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point of the solvent in the solution. The magnitudes of these properties depend only on the total concentration of solute particles in solution, not on the type of particles. The total concentration of solute particles in a solution also determines its osmotic pressure.
