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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_I/08%3A_State_Changes_and_Thermodynamics/8.03%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Free_Energy_1e_(Snee)/08%3A_Phase_Changes/8.02%3A_Entropy_is_the_reason_phase_changes_occurAt the same time, the difference in the densities of solids and liquids is very small and as a result the slope of the solid-liquid line ΔfusHmΔfusVm is huge. In fact, w...At the same time, the difference in the densities of solids and liquids is very small and as a result the slope of the solid-liquid line ΔfusHmΔfusVm is huge. In fact, we can deal with this temperature dependence by making a minimal approximation whereby the difference in molar volume (gas – solid) can be assumed to just be the molar volume of the gas: ΔVm,sub≈Vm,vap and thus ∂P=ΔsubHmT⋅Vm,vap∂T
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Grinnell_College/CHM_363%3A_Physical_Chemistry_1_(Grinnell_College)/10%3A_Phase_Equilibria/10.04%3A_The_Clausius-Clapeyron_EquationThe Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and allows us to estimate the vapor pressure at another temperature, if the vapor pressure is known at some temperature, and if the enthalpy of vaporization is known.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/DeVoes_Thermodynamics_and_Chemistry/08%3A_Phase_Transitions_and_Equilibria_of_Pure_Substances/8.04%3A_Coexistence_CurvesWhen the gas phase of a substance coexists in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase, and provided T and p are not close to the critical point, the molar volume of the gas is much greater ...When the gas phase of a substance coexists in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase, and provided T and p are not close to the critical point, the molar volume of the gas is much greater than that of the condensed phase.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Louisville_Collegiate_School/General_Chemistry/LibreTexts_Louisville_Collegiate_School_Chapters_10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/LibreTexts%2F%2FLouisville_Collegiate_School%2F%2FChapters%2F%2F10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids%2F%2F10.3%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Clausius-Clapeyron_EquationThe Clausius-Clapeyron equation allows us to estimate the vapor pressure at another temperature, if the vapor pressure is known at some temperature, and if the enthalpy of vaporization is known.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/08%3A_Phase_Equilibrium/8.05%3A_The_Clausius-Clapeyron_EquationThe page discusses the derivation and application of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for phase equilibria involving gas phases, focusing on vaporization. It explains the equation's construction, assum...The page discusses the derivation and application of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation for phase equilibria involving gas phases, focusing on vaporization. It explains the equation's construction, assumptions (e.g., treating vapor as an ideal gas), and integration. An example problem uses known temperature and vapor pressure conditions to find the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/OpenStax_Chemistry_Remixed%3A_Clovis_Community_College/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.04%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/San_Francisco_State_University/General_Physical_Chemistry_I_(Gerber)/03%3A_Properties_of_Liquids/3.06%3A_Vapor_PressurePressure is the average force that material (gas, liquid or solid) exert upon the surface, e.g. walls of a container or other confining boundary. Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pr...Pressure is the average force that material (gas, liquid or solid) exert upon the surface, e.g. walls of a container or other confining boundary. Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed container. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate or sublime into a gaseous form and all gases have a tendency to condense back to their liquid or solid form.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_2200%3A_General_Chemistry_II_(Mink)/10%3A_Liquids_and_Solids/10.04%3A_Phase_TransitionsPhase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are...Phase transitions are processes that convert matter from one physical state into another. There are six phase transitions between the three phases of matter. Melting, vaporization, and sublimation are all endothermic processes, requiring an input of heat to overcome intermolecular attractions. The reciprocal transitions of freezing, condensation, and deposition are all exothermic processes, involving heat as intermolecular attractive forces are established or strengthened.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/DePaul_University/Thermodynamics_and_Introduction_to_Quantum_Mechanics_(Southern)/05%3A_Phase_Equilibria/5.04%3A_The_Clausius-Clapeyron_EquationThe Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and allows us to estimate the vapor pressure at another temperature, if the vapor pressure is known at some temperature, and if the enthalpy of vaporization is known.
