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15.5.3: Chapter 3

  • Page ID
    482457
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    Problem 3-1
    (a) Sulfide, carboxylic acid, amine
    (b) Aromatic ring, carboxylic acid
    (c) Ether, alcohol, aromatic ring, amide, C = C bond
    Problem 3-2
    (a) The chemical structure of methanol that has an alcohol functional group.
    (b) The chemical structure of toluene that has an aromatic ring functional group.
    (c) The chemical structure of acetic acid that has a carboxylic acid functional group.
    (d) The chemical structure of methylamine that has an amine functional group.
    (e) The chemical structure of methyl acetamide that has a carbonyl and an amino functional group.
    (f) The chemical structure of 1,3-butadiene that has two double bonds functional group.
    Problem 3-5
    (a) The molecular structures of three isomeric esters of ethyl propionate.
    (b) The molecular structures of two isomeric nitriles of butyronitrile are represented.
    (c) The molecular structures of three isomeric disulfides of diethyl disulfide.
    Problem 3-6
    (a) Two
    (b) Four
    (c) Four
    Problem 3-8
    (a) The molecular structure of 2-methylpentane featurings three primary carbons, two secondary carbons, and one tertiary carbon.
    (b) The molecular structure of 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane is represented featuring four primary carbons, two secondary carbons, and two tertiary carbons.
    (c) The molecular structure of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane featuring five primary carbons, one secondary carbon, one tertiary carbon, and one quaternary carbon.
    Problem 3-9 Primary carbons have primary hydrogens, secondary carbons have secondary hydrogens, and tertiary carbons have tertiary hydrogens.
    Problem 3-10
    (a) The molecular structure of  2,3-dimethylbutane with two tertiary carbons is  represented.
    (b) The molecular structure of 3-isopropylpentane is represented
    (c) The molecular structure of 2,2-dimethylbutane that has one quaternary and one secondary carbon is presented.
    Problem 3-11
    (a) Pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane
    (b) 2,3-Dimethylpentane
    (c) 2,4-Dimethylpentane
    (d) 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane
    Problem 3-12
    (a) The molecular structure of 3,4-dimethylnonane is represented featuring a nine-carbon chain.
    (b) The molecular structure of 3-ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane featuring a seven carbon chain.
    (c) The molecular structure of 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane featuring an eight-carbon chain.
    (d) The molecular structure of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane featuring a five-carbon chain.
    Problem 3-13 Pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl
    Problem 3-16
    (a) A Newman projection of the most stable conformation is represented.
    (b) A Newman projection of the least stable conformation is represented. It contains energy of 4 and 6 kilojoules per mol.
    (c) A line graph of energy versus angle of rotation, around the C2 – C1 bond.
    (d) A line graph of energy versus angle of rotation, around the C2 – C1 bond.

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