Search
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/18%3A_Ethers_and_Epoxides_Thiols_and_Sulfides/18.03%3A_Reactions_of_Ethers-_Acidic_CleavageUnder acidic conditions, ethers can be cleaved into alkyl halides and alcohols using hydrogen halides (HX). The process involves protonating the ether oxygen, making it a better leaving group. Differe...Under acidic conditions, ethers can be cleaved into alkyl halides and alcohols using hydrogen halides (HX). The process involves protonating the ether oxygen, making it a better leaving group. Different reaction mechanisms occur depending on whether the ether is primary, secondary, or tertiary. For primary and secondary ethers, an SN2 reaction takes place, while for tertiary ethers, an SN1 mechanism is more common.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/17%3A_Alcohols_and_Phenols/17.01%3A_Naming_Alcohols_and_PhenolsAlcohols are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°), depending on the number of organic groups bonded to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/24%3A_Amines_and_Heterocycles/24.01%3A_Naming_AminesThe section on naming amines explains the systematic approach to naming these compounds. Amines are classified based on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen atom—primary, se...The section on naming amines explains the systematic approach to naming these compounds. Amines are classified based on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen atom—primary, secondary, or tertiary. The IUPAC naming convention includes using "amine" as a suffix, and when substituents are present, they are prefixed with their respective names, indicating the positions on the carbon chain.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/02%3A_Polar_Covalent_Bonds_Acids_and_Bases/2.09%3A_Drawing_Resonance_FormsResonance structures are used when one Lewis structure for a single molecule cannot fully describe the bonding that takes place between neighboring atoms relative to the empirical data for the actual ...Resonance structures are used when one Lewis structure for a single molecule cannot fully describe the bonding that takes place between neighboring atoms relative to the empirical data for the actual bond lengths between those atoms. The net sum of valid resonance structures is defined as a resonance hybrid, which represents the overall delocalization of electrons within the molecule. A molecule that has several resonance structures is more stable than one with fewer.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/10%3A_Organohalides/10.01%3A_Why_This_ChapterMany organic compounds are closely related to the alkanes. Alkanes react with halogens to produce halogenated hydrocarbons, the simplest of which have a single halogen atom substituted for a hydrogen ...Many organic compounds are closely related to the alkanes. Alkanes react with halogens to produce halogenated hydrocarbons, the simplest of which have a single halogen atom substituted for a hydrogen atom of the alkane. Even more closely related are the cycloalkanes, compounds in which the carbon atoms are joined in a ring, or cyclic fashion.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/05%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centers/5.16%3A_Additional_ProblemsPROBLEM5-60 The first step in the metabolism of glycerol, formed by digestion of fats, is phosphorylation of the pro-R – CH 2 OH group by reaction with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to give the corresp...PROBLEM5-60 The first step in the metabolism of glycerol, formed by digestion of fats, is phosphorylation of the pro-R – CH 2 OH group by reaction with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to give the corresponding glycerol phosphate plus adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (a) Is the product chiral? (b) Assuming that the reaction takes place with equal likelihood from both Re and Si faces of the carbonyl group, is the product optically active?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/10%3A_OrganohalidesAfter you have completed Chapter 10, you should be able to fulfill all of the detailed objectives listed under each individual section. design a multistep synthesis to prepare a given compound from a ...After you have completed Chapter 10, you should be able to fulfill all of the detailed objectives listed under each individual section. design a multistep synthesis to prepare a given compound from a given starting material using any of the reactions studied up to this point in the course, including those which involve alkyl halides. solve road-map problems requiring a knowledge of any of the reactions or concepts studied up to this point, including those introduced in this chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/03%3A_Organic_Compounds-_Functional_Groups_and_Nomenclature/3.04%3A_Alkyl_GroupsThe IUPAC system requires first that we have names for simple unbranched chains, as noted above, and second that we have names for simple alkyl groups that may be attached to the chains. Examples of s...The IUPAC system requires first that we have names for simple unbranched chains, as noted above, and second that we have names for simple alkyl groups that may be attached to the chains. Examples of some common alkyl groups are given in the following table. Note that the "ane" suffix is replaced by "yl" in naming groups. The symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/14%3A_Structure_Determination_-_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/14.16%3A_Chemistry_MattersMagnetic_Resonance_Imaging_(MRI)A small amount of sample, typically a few milligrams or less, is dissolved in a small amount of solvent, the solution is placed in a thin glass tube, and the tube is placed into the narrow (1–2 cm) ga...A small amount of sample, typically a few milligrams or less, is dissolved in a small amount of solvent, the solution is placed in a thin glass tube, and the tube is placed into the narrow (1–2 cm) gap between the poles of a strong magnet. The signals detected by MRI vary with the density of hydrogen atoms and with the nature of their surroundings, allowing identification of different types of tissue and even allowing the visualization of motion.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/04%3A_Organic_Compounds_-_Cycloalkanes_and_their_Stereochemistry/4.10%3A_Conformations_of_Disubstituted_CyclohexanesThe most stable configurational isomer of a disubstituted cyclohexane will be the isomer that has the most stable conformational isomer.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_231%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I_Textbook/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.07%3A_Electrophilic_Addition_Reactions_of_AlkenesThis page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but...This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. Symmetrical alkenes (like ethene or but-2-ene) are dealt with first. These are alkenes where identical groups are attached to each end of the carbon-carbon double bond.
