Skip to main content
Chemistry LibreTexts

12.3: Standard Reduction Potentials

  • Page ID
    538338
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)
    Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Selected Standard Reduction Potentials at 25 °C
    Half-Reaction E° (V)
    \(\ce{F2}(g)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2F-}(aq)\) +2.87
    \(\ce{PbO2}(s)+\ce{SO4^2-}(aq)+\ce{4H+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{PbSO4}(s)+\ce{2H2O}(l)\) +1.69
    \(\ce{MnO4-}(aq)+\ce{8H+}(aq)+\ce{5e-}\rightarrow\ce{Mn^2+}(aq)+\ce{4H2O}(l)\) +1.51
    \(\ce{Au^3+}(aq)+\ce{3e-}\rightarrow\ce{Au}(s)\) +1.50
    \(\ce{Cl2}(g)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2Cl-}(aq)\) +1.36
    \(\ce{O2}(g)+\ce{4H+}(aq)+\ce{4e-}\rightarrow\ce{2H2O}(l)\) +1.23
    \(\ce{Pt^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Pt}(s)\) +1.20
    \(\ce{Br2}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2Br-}(aq)\) +1.09
    \(\ce{Ag+}(aq)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ag}(s)\) +0.80
    \(\ce{Hg2^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2Hg}(l)\) +0.80
    \(\ce{Fe^3+}(aq)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{Fe^2+}(aq)\) +0.77
    \(\ce{MnO4-}(aq)+\ce{2H2O}(l)+\ce{3e-}\rightarrow\ce{MnO2}(s)+\ce{4OH-}(aq)\) +0.56
    \(\ce{I2}(s)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2I-}(aq)\) +0.54
    \(\ce{NiO2}(s)+\ce{2H2O}(l)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ni(OH)2}(s)+\ce{2OH-}(aq)\) +0.49
    \(\ce{Cu^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Cu}(s)\) +0.34
    \(\ce{Hg2Cl2}(s)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{2Hg}(l)+\ce{2Cl-}(aq)\) +0.27
    \(\ce{AgCl}(s)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ag}(s)+\ce{Cl-}(aq)\) +0.22
    \(\ce{Sn^4+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Sn^2+}(aq)\) +0.15
    \(\ce{2H+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{H2}(g)\) 0.00
    \(\ce{Pb^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Pb}(s)\) −0.13
    \(\ce{Sn^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Sn}(s)\) −0.14
    \(\ce{Ni^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ni}(s)\) −0.26
    \(\ce{Co^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Co}(s)\) −0.28
    \(\ce{PbSO4}(s)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Pb}(s)+\ce{SO4^2-}(aq)\) −0.35
    \(\ce{Cd^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Cd}(s)\) −0.40
    \(\ce{Fe^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Fe}(s)\) −0.45
    \(\ce{Cr^3+}(aq)+\ce{3e-}\rightarrow\ce{Cr}(s)\) −0.74
    \(\ce{Mn^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Mn}(s)\) −1.19
    \(\ce{Zn(OH)2}(s)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Zn}(s)+\ce{2OH-}(aq)\) −1.25
    \(\ce{Zn^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Zn}(s)\) −0.76
    \(\ce{Al^3+}(aq)+\ce{3e-}\rightarrow\ce{Al}(s)\) −1.66
    \(\ce{Mg^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Mg}(s)\) −2.37
    \(\ce{Na+}(aq)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{Na}(s)\) −2.71
    \(\ce{Ca^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ca}(s)\) −2.87
    \(\ce{Ba^2+}(aq)+\ce{2e-}\rightarrow\ce{Ba}(s)\) −2.91
    \(\ce{K+}(aq)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{K}(s)\) −2.93
    \(\ce{Li+}(aq)+\ce{e-}\rightarrow\ce{Li}(s)\) −3.04

    12.3: Standard Reduction Potentials is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

    • Was this article helpful?