2.E: Exercises
- Page ID
- 83056
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- What is the difference between the atomic symbols Si and SI?
- How many of each subatomic particle make up a neutral bromine-80 atom, 80Br? (You should be able to answer this using only a periodic table.)
- How many electrons in each shell of a chlorine atom, Cl, and which are valence? (You should be able to answer this using only a periodic table.)
- What are two things that protons and neutrons have in common, plus one way in which they are different?
- A sample of the nonexistent element mythium consists of 25.59% of an isotope with mass of 580.0 u, 32.74% of an isotope with mass of 582.0 u, and 41.67% of an isotope with mass number 581.0 u. What is the atomic mass of mythium?
- Because the distribution of isotopes is different on different planets in the solar system, the average atomic mass of any element differs from planet to planet. Assume that on Mercury, a rather hot planet, there is less of the lighter isotope left in the atmosphere than on Earth, so that 92.55% of the hydrogen on Mercury is 1H, while the remainder is 2H (a.k.a. deuterium). What is the atomic mass of hydrogen on Mercury? The exact masses of 1H and 2H are 1.0078 u and 2.0014 u, respectively.
- The compound that sodium makes with chlorine has sodium and chlorine atoms in a 1:1 ratio. Name two other elements that should make a compound having a 1:1 ratio of atoms with sodium. (HINT: Remembers that members of the same group or family will have similar chemical properties.)
Answers
- Si is silicon, whereas SI is sulfur and iodine.
- 35 p, 45 n, 35 e
- Chlorine: first shell = 2 e; second shell = 8 e; third shell = 7 e; the third shell is the (outer-most) valence shell and it contains seven valence electrons
- They are both found in the nucleus of an atom and both have mass of about one atomic mass unit. They are different in that protons have a +1 relative charge and neutrons have zero charge.
- The average atomic mass of mythium would be 581.1 u.
- The average atomic mass of hydrogen on mercury would be 1.0818 u.
- Sodium is an alkali metal and chlorine is a halogen, so any compound from the same groups should exist in the same ratio (i.e. potassium and bromine).