10.3: Los mandatos de nosotros- afirmativos y negativos
- Page ID
- 460245
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)"Nosotros" affirmative and negative commands
You have learned to give commands affirmatively and negatively to someone you address:
- Informally (tú)
- Formally (usted and ustedes)
In this lesson, you will learn the “nosotros” commands. "Nosotros" commands happen when the speaker and other people are included in the command. This is the equivalent to the English "Let’s + [verb]".
Vamos a...
"Vamos a + [infinitive]" can be used for the English "let’s + [verb]". However, it can also mean "we’re going to + [verb]. The tone and the context will tell you if it is a command or a statement.
- Vamos a leer ahora. (Let’s read now.)
- Vamos a estudiar en la biblioteca mañana. (We’re going to study in the library tomorrow.)
We use the present indicative of the verb "ir" (to go) to express "let’s + verb" as in "vamos al cine" (let’s go to the movie). "Vamos" is only used in affirmative commands. In negative "nosotros" commands with the verb "ir" (to go), use the subjunctive form instead: no vayamos al cine (let’s not go to the movies).
“Let’s” with the present subjunctive
The same rules used to conjugate informal negative (tú) and formal commands are used to conjugate the “nosotros” commands.
Follow these steps to conjugate "nosotros" commands:
- Conjugate the verb in the "yo" form in the present tense of the indicative mood.
- Drop the final “-o”.
- Add new endings. (For "-ar" verbs, add “-emos”. For "-er" and "-ir" verbs, add “-amos”.)
Conjugation of "nosotros" commands
Look at the examples of conjugations in "nosotros" commands in the chart below. Note that all command endings are in bold.
Infinitive |
Present tense "Yo" form |
Stem (raíz) |
"Nosotros" command |
---|---|---|---|
estudiar |
estudio |
estudi- |
(No) estudiemos |
cerrar (ie) |
cierro |
cierr → cerr- |
(No) cerremos |
leer |
leo |
le- |
(No) leamos |
volver (ue) |
vuelvo |
vuelv → volv |
(No) volvamos |
abrir |
abro |
abr- |
(No) abramos |
servir (i)* |
sirvo |
sirv- |
(No) sirvamos |
hacer |
hago |
hag- |
(No) hagamos |
traducir |
traduzco |
traduzc- |
(No) traduzcamos |
ver |
veo |
ve- |
(No) veamos |
*There is a stem change in nosotros, nosotras command only with "-ir" ending verbs. There are two types of stem change: "e→i"; and "o→u".
Stem change in "nosotros" commands
Verb ending in -ar (no stem change) |
Verb ending in -er (no stem change) |
Verb ending in -ir (Stem-change from "e→i" or "o→u") |
---|---|---|
Pensar, contar |
Entender, volver |
Pedir, dormir |
Pensemos |
Entendamos |
Pidamos |
Contemos |
Volvamos |
Durmamos |
Verbs that end in -car, -gar, -zar
Infinitive ending in: |
Present tense "yo" form |
Spelling change |
"Nosotros" commands |
---|---|---|---|
-car sacar, secar, colocar, pescar, tocar, destacar, atacar |
sacar – saco |
c changes to qu sac → saqu |
Saquemosfotos |
-gar jugar, regar, pegar, pagar, agregar, apagar, colgar, entregar |
llegar – llego |
g changes to gu lleg → llegu |
Lleguemos a tiempo Let’s arrive on time |
-zar abrazar, almorzar, cruzar, comenzar, rezar, danzar |
empezar – empiezo |
z changes to c empiez → empiec (no stem change for nosotros) empec- |
Empecemos a leer Let’s begin to read |
Irregular verbs in "nosotros" commands
"Nosotros" commands have the same six irregular verbs as formal commands. Remember the acronym D.I.S.H.E.S. To make negative nosotros commandas with irregular verbs, add "no" before the verb.
Infinitive |
Nosotros commands |
---|---|
Dar | (No) demos |
Ir | (No) vayamos |
Saber | (No) sepamos |
Hacer | (No) hagamos |
Estar | (No) estemos |
Ser | (No) seamos |
Affirmative commands
In the affirmative commands, the direct, indirect, reflexive, or double pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. In the following examples, all pronouns are in bold.
- Leámoslo con atención. (Let’s read it with attention.)
- Escribámosles unas tarjetas postales. (Let’s write them some postal cards.)
When "se" or "nos" are attached to the affirmative "nosotros" command, the final “s” in "-emos" or "-amos"is dropped from the verb. In the examples below, the extra "s" of the incorrect version of the command is noted in bold. The second version of the command indicates the correct ending in bold.
- Digámossela → Digámosela (Let’s tell them about it.)
- Levantémosnos → Levantémonos(Let’s get up.)
In negative commands, the word "no" must be placed before the verb.
Negative commands
To express negative command in nosotros form, we add the negative word "no" before the verb in bold shown in the examples below.
- No hablemos ahora (Let's not talk/chat right now.)
- No lleguemos tarde a la reunión. (Let's not arrive late to the meeting.)
- No durmamos en clase (Let's not sleep in class.)
Pronouns must be placed after the word "no" and before the verb in negative commands. In the examples below, note the placement of "no" in bold.
- No se la digamos. (Let’s not tell them about it.)
- No nos levantemos. (Let’s not get up.)
- No nos acostemos tarde. (Let's not go to bed late.)