2: Atomic Structure
- Page ID
- 408835
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- 2.1: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
- Bohr's model suggests that each atom has a set of unchangeable energy levels, and electrons in the electron cloud of that atom must be in one of those energy levels. Bohr's model suggests that the atomic spectra of atoms is produced by electrons gaining energy from some source, jumping up to a higher energy level, then immediately dropping back to a lower energy level and emitting the energy difference between the two energy levels. The existence of the atomic spectra supports Bohr's model.
- 2.2: The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy
- An electron possesses both particle and wave properties. Louis de Broglie showed that the wavelength of a particle is equal to Planck’s constant divided by the mass times the velocity of the particle. The electron in Bohr’s circular orbits could thus be described as a standing wave, one that does not move through space. Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to precisely describe both the location and the speed of particles that exhibit wavelike behavior.
- 2.3: Quantum Numbers for Electrons
- Electrons in atoms have quantized energies. The state of electrons in atoms is described by four quantum numbers.