4: Interactions Between Substances
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- 4.1: Heat and Temperature
- Heat transfer is related to temperature change. Heat is equal to the product of the mass, the change in temperature, and a proportionality constant called the specific heat.
- 4.2: Phase Changes
- There is an energy change associated with any phase change. There is an energy change associated with any phase change.
- 4.3: Intermolecular Interactions
- A phase is a form of matter that has the same physical properties throughout. Molecules interact with each other through various forces: ionic and covalent bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.