1.6: Key Terms

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alpha particle (α particle): positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons

anion: negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

atomic mass: average mass of atoms of an element, expressed in amu

atomic mass unit (amu): (also, unified atomic mass unit, u, or Dalton, Da) unit of mass equal to 112112 of the mass of a ¹²C atom

atomic number (Z): number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

cation: positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)

chemical symbol: one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation used to represent an element or its atoms

Dalton (Da): alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

Dalton’s atomic theory: set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms

electron: negatively charged, subatomic particle of relatively low mass located outside the nucleus

empirical formula: formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms

fundamental unit of charge: (also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 ×× 10⁻¹⁹ C

ion: electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

isomers: compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures

isotopes: atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

law of constant composition: (also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

law of definite proportions: (also, law of constant composition) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

law of multiple proportions: when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

mass number (A): sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom

molecular formula: formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

neutron: uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

nucleus: massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

proton: positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus

spatial isomers: compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ

structural formula: shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected

structural isomer: one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently

unified atomic mass unit (u): alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit

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