2: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Page ID
- 288535
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Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond. This chapter introduces you to the structures, physical properties, and chemical properties of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic rings.
- 2.1: Alkenes- Structures and Names
- Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-to-carbon double bond.
- 2.2: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
- Cis-trans (geometric) isomerism exists when there is restricted rotation in a molecule and there are two nonidentical groups on each doubly bonded carbon atom.
- 2.3: Physical Properties of Alkenes
- The physical properties of alkenes are much like those of the alkanes: their boiling points increase with increasing molar mass, and they are insoluble in water.
- 2.4: Chemical Properties of Alkenes
- Alkenes undergo addition reactions, adding such substances as hydrogen, bromine, and water across the carbon-to-carbon double bond.
- 2.5: Alkynes
- Alkynes are similar to alkenes in both physical and chemical properties. For example, alkynes undergo many of the typical addition reactions of alkenes. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) names for alkynes parallel those of alkenes, except that the family ending is -yne rather than -ene. The IUPAC name for acetylene is ethyne. The names of other alkynes are illustrated in the following exercises.
- 2.6: Polymers
- Molecules having carbon-to-carbon double bonds can undergo addition polymerization.
- 2.7: Aromatic Compounds- Benzene
- Aromatic hydrocarbons appear to be unsaturated, but they have a special type of bonding and do not undergo addition reactions.