8: Chemical Reactions
- Page ID
- 288464
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- 8.1: Chemical Equations
- Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations that list reactants and products. Proper chemical equations are balanced; the same number of each element’s atoms appears on each side of the equation.
- 8.2: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
- Phase changes involve changes in energy. All chemical reactions involve changes in energy. This may be a change in heat, electricity, light, or other forms of energy. Reactions that absorb energy are endothermic. Reactions that release energy are exothermic.
- 8.3: Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
- Chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred are called oxidation-reduction, or redox, reactions. Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Reduction is the gain of electrons. Oxidation and reduction always occur together, even though they can be written as separate chemical equations.
- 8.4: Chemical Equilibrium
- Chemical reactions eventually reach equilibrium, a point at which forward and reverse reactions balance each other's progress. Chemical equilibria are dynamic: the chemical reactions are always occurring; they just cancel each other's progress.
- 8.5: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chatelier's Principle
- Le Chatelier's principle addresses how an equilibrium shifts when the conditions of an equilibrium are changed. The direction of shift can be predicted for changes in concentrations, temperature, or pressure. Catalysts do not affect the position of an equilibrium; they help reactions achieve equilibrium faster.