1.3: The Internet of Things

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hypothes.is tag: s20iostiot3ualr
Download Assignment: S2020iot03

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to:

Content:

Email from their Raspberry Pi computers
Text to a phone number from their Raspberry Pi computers
Obtain the computer’s IP address
Take pictures using the Raspberry Pi Camera

Process:

Set up email client and a fresh google mail account
Email and text data from class
Set up camera and take pictures

Prior Knowledge

Python and IoT concepts from previous activities

Task 1: Setting a Pi to email from Google Account

Suppose you want your RasPi to email you some data collected from a program/sensor. The program could be running on the RasPi in one location, and you could get that data in another location. One of the easiest ways to do this is with an email account. When the data is collected, you can have the data emailed to you.

Obtain a new gmail account. Be sure to use a completely new username you have never used before! This password will be compromised!!!!
Under settings of the gmail account, go to the settings under "sign in and security" on the left hand side of the screen there is a place for "connected apps and sites". In the main window after clicking connected apps and sites, toggle to switch the settings to "Allow less secure apps" to on. The default is off.

Screen shot from 2/18/2020 of the Security option within Google email accounts

Email from Command Line

To email from the command line you need to add two packages, MSMTP and MUTT. The instructions for this are given is Appendix 3 section 3.4.

Email in Python

If you downloaded Raspbian Buster desktop with reccomended software in IOCT module 2 and have updated your system since February 2020, you should have installed all the packages required to run the following programs.

Email without attachment

The following code will send an email without an attachment. You need to modify the following code and use the account information from the gmail account you set up for this course.

Python Program 1
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email import encoders email_user = "[Insert: YouriostAccount@gmail.com]" email_password = "[Insert: YouriostAccountPassword]" email_send = "[Insert: email you want to send to]" subject = "Test email from pi" msg = MIMEMultipart() msg["From"] = email_user msg["To"] = email_send msg["Subject"] = subject body = "Hi there, sending this email from Python!" msg.attach(MIMEText(body,"plain")) text = msg.as_string() server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587) server.starttls() server.login(email_user,email_password) server.sendmail(email_user,email_send,text) server.quit()

Python Program 1

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

email_user = "[Insert: YouriostAccount@gmail.com]"
email_password = "[Insert: YouriostAccountPassword]"
email_send = "[Insert: email you want to send to]"

subject = "Test email from pi"

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg["From"] = email_user
msg["To"] = email_send
msg["Subject"] = subject

body = "Hi there, sending this email from Python!"
msg.attach(MIMEText(body,"plain"))

text = msg.as_string()
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587)
server.starttls()
server.login(email_user,email_password)
server.sendmail(email_user,email_send,text)
server.quit()

Email with Attachment in Python

This code will send email with an attachment. The attachment file needs to be in the folder the program is saved to and you need to

Ptyhon Program 2
import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email import encoders mail_content = '''TYPE YOUR MESSAGE HERE''' #The mail addresses and password sender_address = 'YOUR_IOST_CLASS_ACCOUNT@gmail.com' sender_pass = 'YOUR_IOST_PASSWORD' receiver_address = "EMAIL_YOU_WANT_TO_MAIL_TO" #Setup the MIME message = MIMEMultipart() message['From'] = sender_address message['To'] = receiver_address message['Subject'] = 'A test mail sent by Python. It has an attachment.' #The subject line #The body and the attachments for the mail attach_file_name = 'PUT PATH TO FILE YOU WANT TO EMAIL HERE' message.attach(MIMEText(mail_content, 'plain')) attach_file = open(attach_file_name, 'rb') # Open the file as binary mode payload = MIMEBase('application', 'octate-stream') #payload.set_payload((attach_file).read()) payload.set_payload((attach_file).read()) encoders.encode_base64(payload) #encode the attachment #add payload header with filename #payload.add_header('Content-Decomposition', 'attachment', filename=attach_file_name) payload.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=attach_file_name) #message.attach(attach_file_name,maintype='image') message.attach(payload) #Create SMTP session for sending the mail session = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) #use gmail with port session.starttls() #enable security session.login('YOUR_IOST_CLASS_ACCOUNT', 'YOUR_IOST_PASSWORD') #login with mail_id and password text = message.as_string() session.sendmail(sender_address, receiver_address, text) #to send more than one email #session.sendmail(sender_address, receiver_address.split(","), text) session.quit() print('Mail Sent')

Ptyhon Program 2

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

mail_content = '''TYPE YOUR
MESSAGE
HERE'''
#The mail addresses and password
sender_address = 'YOUR_IOST_CLASS_ACCOUNT@gmail.com'
sender_pass = 'YOUR_IOST_PASSWORD'
receiver_address = "EMAIL_YOU_WANT_TO_MAIL_TO"
#Setup the MIME
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender_address
message['To'] = receiver_address
message['Subject'] = 'A test mail sent by Python. It has an attachment.'
#The subject line
#The body and the attachments for the mail
attach_file_name = 'PUT PATH TO FILE YOU WANT TO EMAIL HERE'
message.attach(MIMEText(mail_content, 'plain'))
attach_file = open(attach_file_name, 'rb') # Open the file as binary mode
payload = MIMEBase('application', 'octate-stream')
#payload.set_payload((attach_file).read())
payload.set_payload((attach_file).read())

encoders.encode_base64(payload) #encode the attachment
#add payload header with filename
#payload.add_header('Content-Decomposition', 'attachment', filename=attach_file_name)
payload.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=attach_file_name)
#message.attach(attach_file_name,maintype='image')
message.attach(payload)

#Create SMTP session for sending the mail
session = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) #use gmail with port
session.starttls() #enable security
session.login('YOUR_IOST_CLASS_ACCOUNT', 'YOUR_IOST_PASSWORD') #login with mail_id and password
text = message.as_string()
session.sendmail(sender_address, receiver_address, text)
#to send more than one email
#session.sendmail(sender_address, receiver_address.split(","), text)
session.quit()
print('Mail Sent')

Emailing IP address on boot-up

To access your Pi over VNC you need to know its IP address and these can change from location to location. In fact some schools (like UALR) have dynamic IP address and so it can change if you turn the Pi off and on. This activity will consist of two parts. First you will analyze code that identifies your Pi's IP address, and then you will set up a Cron job that sends an email with the IP to your Google account.

Note

The Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) is a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the internet protocol to communicate over a network.

Setting up Python program

Python Program 3: Get IP Address

import socket
import fcntl
import struct

def get_ip_address(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# uncomment the following line if using python2
#return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',ifname[:15]))[20:24])
# uncomment the following line if using python3
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',bytes(ifname[:15],'utf-8')))[20:24])
address = get_ip_address('wlan0')
#change wlan0 to eth0 if you want the wired IP address
print(address)

Now that you have a program that gets the IP (python 3) you can embed it into the program that sends emails (python 1), which we did for python 4.

Python Program 4: email IP address
import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.base import MIMEBase from email import encoders #for send IP import socket import fcntl import struct email_user = "YOURIOSTMAIL@gmail.com" email_password = "YOURIOSTPASSWORD" email_send = "EMAIL_2B_NOTIFIED" #create function to get ip address def get_ip_address(ifname): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # uncomment the following line if using python2 #return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',ifname[:15]))[20:24]) # uncomment the following line if using python3 return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',bytes(ifname[:15],'utf-8')))[20:24]) #assign IP address to variable address address = get_ip_address('wlan0') subject=str(address) msg = MIMEMultipart() msg["From"] = email_user msg["To"] = email_send msg["Subject"] = subject body="The new IP address is " + str(address) msg.attach(MIMEText(body,"plain")) text = msg.as_string() server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587) server.starttls() server.login(email_user,email_password) server.sendmail(email_user,email_send,text) server.quit()

Python Program 4: email IP address

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
#for send IP
import socket
import fcntl
import struct

email_user = "YOURIOSTMAIL@gmail.com"
email_password = "YOURIOSTPASSWORD"
email_send = "EMAIL_2B_NOTIFIED"


#create function to get ip address
def get_ip_address(ifname):
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    # uncomment the following line if using python2
    #return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',ifname[:15]))[20:24])
    # uncomment the following line if using python3
    return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(),0x8915,struct.pack('256s',bytes(ifname[:15],'utf-8')))[20:24])    

#assign IP address to variable address
address = get_ip_address('wlan0')

subject=str(address)

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg["From"] = email_user
msg["To"] = email_send
msg["Subject"] = subject

body="The new IP address is " + str(address)

msg.attach(MIMEText(body,"plain"))
text = msg.as_string()
server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com",587)
server.starttls()
server.login(email_user,email_password)

server.sendmail(email_user,email_send,text)
server.quit()

Before proceeding, save this program in your /home/pi/python_programs directory with the name send_my_ipaddress.py (you may need to create this folder)

Setting up Cron job

Information

The software utility cron is a time-based job scheduler in Unix-like computer operating systems. People who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts) to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. It typically automates system maintenance or administration—though its general-purpose nature makes it useful for things like downloading files from the Internet and downloading email at regular intervals. (from Wikipedia)

We can set up a cron job to run our ip address emailer every time we boot our raspberry pi. That way if we forget to attach the monitor, or want to connect remotely, we have its IP address to connect. To do this at your prompt type the following:

pi@hostname:~ $ sudo crontab -e

The first time you do this, you will be prompted to select your favorite editor. We will select 1 for the nano editor. At the bottom of the document add the following line

@reboot sleep 60 && python3 /home/pi/python_programs/send_my_ipaddress.py

Now reboot your Pi and see if you get an email with the IP address. If so, you are done with this part of the assignment.

ESD: Electrostatic Discharge

Before going into setting up the camera of making any circuits it is prudent to discuss ESD, or Electro Static Discharge. This is a real problem with small microcircuits where static build up and discharge when you touch a device and cause damage to the circuits. Here is an article on electrostatic discharge in manufaturing and the following YouTube by the Hoffmann Group describes electrostatic Discharge.

Video \(\PageIndex{1}\): Video by Hoffmann Group on electro static discharge (https://youtu.be/bWXNOemu2j4)

Setting up Camera

You will now set up the Ribbon camera as outlined in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\), but first, you should watch the following two videos. The camera is very static sensitive, so you want to be careful, and may want to follow the precautions in the second video.

Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): You lift up the black tabs around the camera port and then insert the ribbon with the blue side facing the ethernet port.

The following video was developed by

Video \(\PageIndex{2}\): Youtube uploaded by #RaspberryPi (https://youtu.be/VzYGDq0D1mw)

Video \(\PageIndex{3}\): Youtube video on installing a camera on a Raspberry Pi uploaded by Dr. Bucholtz (https://youtu.be/a4KF5f3Ghjk).

We are going to look at three ways to run the camera

Command Line
Python code
Python code calling command line through a subprocess.

Now that you have the raspberry Pi camera set up we need to take a picture. Log into your Pi and open the command line.

Command Line Access

The basic command for taking a picture is: raspistill –o your_image_name.jpg and will show you a preview on the screen for 5 seconds before taking a picture. See this link for raspistill documentation.

Open a new terminal window on your raspberry pi and type the following command:

raspistill -o /home/pi/Desktop/pictures/my_first_picture.jpg

To view your pictures, you can double click on your image on the desktop to bring up the picture viewer.

To take a video use the raspivid command. The following code will make a 10 second video

raspivid -o video.h264 -t 10000

What does each of the following commands do?

raspistill -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_first_picture.jpg
raspistill -hf -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_second_picture.jpg
raspistill -vf -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_third_picture.jpg
raspistill -rot 90 -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_fourth_picture.jpg
raspistill -t 1 -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_fifth_picture.jpg
raspistill -ifx negative -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_sixth_picture.jpg
raspistill -ifx sketch –hf -o /home/pi/Pictures/my_seventh_picture.jpg

note pipe less gives you all the commands

REMEBER Q gets you out

raspistill | less 
#or just try
raspistill

Python Access

Pen Thonny and type the following code in. Note the path to the file where you want to keep the picture may need to be modified.

from picamera import PiCamera
from time import sleep
camera = PiCamera()
camera.start_preview(alpha=192)
sleep(1)
camera.capture("/home/pi/Desktop/pictures/pic.jpg")
camera.stop_preview()

Subprocess Access

Now run the following code in thonnny

import subprocess
subprocess.call('raspistill -o /home/pi/Desktop/pictures/my_first_picture.jpg',shell=True)
print("done")

Compare the above code with the code for command line access. What do you think the subprocess module does?

Note

You can send a text message to your phone via email. SMS (Short Message Service) text messages can be sent through email gateways of your phone service provider. The email address for your text messages are dependent on your provider as well. You can also send a text to your email address just by putting the email address in instead of a phone number. To send a text from your raspberry pi to your phone, use the following addresses with your phone number.

AT&T: number@txt.att.net

T-Mobile: number@tmomail.net

Verizon: number@vtext.com (text-only), number@vzwpix (text + photo)

Sprint: number@messaging.sprintpcs.com or number@pm.sprint.com

Virgin Mobile: number@vmobl.com

Tracfone: number@mmst5.tracfone.com

Metro PCS: number@mymetropcs.com

Boost Mobile: number@myboostmobile.com

Cricket: number@mms.cricketwireless.net

Ptel: number@ptel.com

Republic Wireless: number@text.republicwireless.com

Google Fi (Project Fi): number@msg.fi.google.com