12.5: Amides- Structures and Names
- Page ID
- 288346
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Learning Objectives
- Identify the general structure for an amide.
- Identify the functional group for an amide.
- Names amides with common names.
- Name amides according to the IUPAC system.
The amide functional group has an nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl carbon atom. If the two remaining bonds on the nitrogen atom are attached to hydrogen atoms, the compound is a simple amide. If one or both of the two remaining bonds on the atom are attached to alkyl or aryl groups, the compound is a substituted amide.
![amide group.jpg](https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27013/amide_group.jpg?revision=1)
The carbonyl carbon-to-nitrogen bond is called an amide linkage. This bond is quite stable and is found in the repeating units of protein molecules, where it is called a peptide linkage.
Simple amides are named as derivatives of carboxylic acids. The -ic ending of the common name or the -oic ending of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name of the carboxylic acid is replaced with the suffix -amide.
![naming.jpg](https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27024/naming.jpg?revision=1)
Example \(\PageIndex{1}\)
Name each compound with the common name, the IUPAC name, or both.
Solution
- This amide has two carbon atoms and is thus derived from acetic acid. The OH of acetic acid is replaced by an NH2 group. The -ic from acetic (or -oic from ethanoic) is dropped, and -amide is added to give acetamide (or ethanamide in the IUPAC system).
- This amide is derived from benzoic acid. The -oic is dropped, and -amide is added to give benzamide.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)
Name each compound with the IUPAC name.
Key Takeaways
- Amides have a general structure in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom.
- The functional group for an amide is as follows:
- In names for amides, the -ic acid of the common name or the -oic ending of the IUPAC for the corresponding carboxylic acid is replaced by -amide.
Concept Review Exercises
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Name this compound with the common name and the IUPAC name.
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Draw a the structural formulae for pentanamide.
Answers
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β-bromobutyramide (IUPAC: 3-bromobutanamide)
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Exercises
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Draw the structure for each compound.
- methanamide
- hexanamide
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Draw the structure for each compound.
- propanamide or propionamide (common name)
- butanamide
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Name each compound with the IUPAC name.
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Name the compound.
Answers
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- IUPAC: propanamide
- IUPAC: 2-methylbutanamide