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Chemistry LibreTexts

9.8: Key Terms

  • Page ID
    452776
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    Example and Directions
    Words (or words that have the same definition)The definition is case sensitive(Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages](Optional) Caption for Image(Optional) External or Internal Link(Optional) Source for Definition
    (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...")(Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity")The infamous double helix https://bio.libretexts.org/CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen
    Glossary Entries
    Word(s)DefinitionImageCaptionLinkSource
    absolute zerotemperature at which the volume of a gas would be zero according to Charles’s law.    
    Amontons’s law(also, Gay-Lussac’s law) pressure of a given number of moles of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature when the volume is held constant    
    atmosphere (atm)unit of pressure; 1 atm = 101,325 Pa    
    Avogadro’s lawvolume of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of gas molecules    
    bar(bar or b) unit of pressure; 1 bar = 100,000 Pa    
    barometerdevice used to measure atmospheric pressure    
    Boyle’s lawvolume of a given number of moles of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure under which it is measured    
    Charles’s lawvolume of a given number of moles of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature when the pressure is held constant    
    compressibility factor (Z)ratio of the experimentally measured molar volume for a gas to its molar volume as computed from the ideal gas equation    
    Dalton’s law of partial pressurestotal pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases    
    diffusionmovement of an atom or molecule from a region of relatively high concentration to one of relatively low concentration (discussed in this chapter with regard to gaseous species, but applicable to species in any phase)    
    effusiontransfer of gaseous atoms or molecules from a container to a vacuum through very small openings    
    Graham’s law of effusionrates of diffusion and effusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molecular masses    
    hydrostatic pressurepressure exerted by a fluid due to gravity    
    ideal gashypothetical gas whose physical properties are perfectly described by the gas laws    
    ideal gas constant (R)constant derived from the ideal gas equation R = 0.08206 L atm mol–1 K–1 or 8.314 L kPa mol–1 K–1    
    ideal gas lawrelation between the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas under conditions derived by combination of the simple gas laws    
    kinetic molecular theorytheory based on simple principles and assumptions that effectively explains ideal gas behavior    
    manometerdevice used to measure the pressure of a gas trapped in a container    
    mean free pathaverage distance a molecule travels between collisions    
    mole fraction (X)concentration unit defined as the ratio of the molar amount of a mixture component to the total number of moles of all mixture components    
    partial pressurepressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture    
    pascal (Pa)SI unit of pressure; 1 Pa = 1 N/m2    
    pounds per square inch (psi)unit of pressure common in the US    
    pressureforce exerted per unit area    
    rate of diffusionamount of gas diffusing through a given area over a given time    
    root mean square speed (urms)measure of average speed for a group of particles calculated as the square root of the average squared speed    
    standard conditions of temperature and pressure (STP)273.15 K (0 °C) and 1 atm (101.325 kPa)    
    standard molar volumevolume of 1 mole of gas at STP, approximately 22.4 L for gases behaving ideally    
    torrunit of pressure;     
    van der Waals equationmodified version of the ideal gas equation containing additional terms to account for non-ideal gas behavior    
    vapor pressure of waterpressure exerted by water vapor in equilibrium with liquid water in a closed container at a specific temperature    

    9.8: Key Terms is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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