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5.12: Exercises

Last updated

Apr 6, 2023
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- 5.11: For Future Use
- 6: Chemical Composition

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5.2: Chemical Formulas

Classify each of the following as an atomic element, a molecular element, an ionic compound, or a molecular compound. State how many atoms are in each formula unit or molecule.
1. Fe
2. PCl₃
3. P₄
4. CaBr₂

Answer

atomic element
molecular compound, 4 atoms
molecular element, 4 atoms
ionic compound, 3 atoms

Classify each of the following as an atomic element, a molecular element, an ionic compound, or a molecular compound. State how many atoms are in each formula unit or molecule.
1. I₂
2. Fe(NO₃)₂
3. H₂O
4. Al

Answer

molecular element, 2 atoms
ionic compound, 9 atoms
molecular compound, 3 atoms
atomic element

What is the difference between CO and Co?

Answer: CO is a molecular compound containing carbon and oxygen. Co is the atomic element cobalt.

What is the difference between H₂O and H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide)?

Answer: H₂O has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. H₂O₂ has two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.

Explain why the formula for an atom of the element oxygen and the formula for a molecule of oxygen differ.

Answer: The symbol for the element oxygen, O, represents both the element and one atom of oxygen. A molecule of oxygen, O₂, contains two oxygen atoms; the subscript 2 in the formula must be used to distinguish the diatomic molecule from two single oxygen atoms.

Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds:

Answer

molecular = CO₂, empirical = CO₂
molecular = C₂H₂, empirical = CH
molecular = C₂H₄, empirical = CH₂
molecular = H₂SO₄, empirical = H₂SO₄

Write the molecular and empirical formulas of the following compounds:

Answer

molecular = C₄H₈; empirical = CH₂
molecular = C₄H₆; empirical = C₂H₃
molecular = Si₂H₂Cl₄; empirical = SiHCl₂
molecular = H₃PO₄; empirical = H₃PO₄

Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds:
1. caffeine, C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
2. sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
3. hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂
4. glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆
5. ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C₆H₈O₆

Answer

C₄H₅N₂O
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
HO
CH₂O
C₃H₄O₃

Write the empirical formulas for the following compounds:

Answer

CH₂O
C₂H₄O

Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds:
1. acetic acid, C₂H₄O₂
2. citric acid, C₆H₈O₇
3. hydrazine, N₂H₄
4. nicotine, C₁₀H₁₄N₂
5. butane, C₄H₁₀

Answer

CH₂O
C₆H₈O₇
NH₂
C₅H₇N
C₂H₅

5.3: A Closer Look at Elements and Compounds

From their positions on the periodic table, will Cu and I form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?

Answer: ionic compound

From their positions on the periodic table, will N and S form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?

Answer: molecular compound

Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: KCl, NCl₃, ICl, MgCl₂, PCl₅, and CCl₄.

Answer: ionic = KCl, MgCl₂; covalent = NCl₃, ICl, PCl₅, CCl₄

Using the periodic table, predict whether the following chlorides are ionic or covalent: SiCl₄, PCl₃, CaCl₂, CsCl, CuCl₂, and CrCl₃.

Answer: ionic = CaCl₂, CsCl, CuCl₂, CrCl₃; covalent = SiCl₄, PCl₃

5.4: Chemical Nomenclature and the Classification of Compounds

Classify each of the following compounds as binary ionic, ionic containing polyatomic ions, binary molecular, binary acid, or oxyacid.
1. NF₃
2. HI
3. (NH₄)₂CO₃
4. Sr₃(PO₄)₂
5. BaO
6. H₂SO₄

Answer

binary molecular
binary acid
ionic containing polyatomic ions
ionic containing polyatomic ions
binary ionic
oxyacid

Classify each of the following compounds as binary ionic, ionic containing polyatomic ions, binary molecular, binary acid, or oxyacid.
1. HClO₃
2. Mg(C₂H₃O₂)₂
3. H₂S
4. Ag₂S
5. N₂Cl₄
6. CoBr₂

Answer

oxyacid
ionic containing polyatomic ions
binary acid
binary ionic
binary molecular
binary ionic

5.5: Binary Ionic Compounds

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻
2. Na⁺ and O²⁻
3. Cd²⁺ and O²⁻

Answer

MgCl₂, magnesium chloride
Na₂O, sodium oxide
CdO, cadmium oxide

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. K⁺ and S²⁻
2. Ag⁺ and Br⁻
3. Sr²⁺ and N³⁻

Answer

K₂S, potassium sulfide
AgBr, silver bromide
Sr₃N₂, strontium nitride

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Zn²⁺ and F⁻
2. Ca²⁺ and O²⁻
3. Li⁺ and P³⁻

Answer

ZnF₂, zinc fluoride
CaO, calcium oxide
Li₃P, lithium phosphide

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Na⁺ and N³⁻
2. Sr²⁺ and I⁻
3. Al³⁺ and S²⁻

Answer

Na₃N, sodium nitride
SrI₂, strontium iodide
Al₂S₃, aluminum sulfide

5.6: Ions With Variable Charges

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Ni²⁺ and Cl⁻
2. Fe²⁺ and O²⁻
3. Fe³⁺ and O²⁻

Answer

NiCl₂, nickel(II) chloride
FeO, iron(II) oxide
Fe₂O₃, iron(III) oxide

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Cu⁺ and S²⁻
2. Pt²⁺ and Br⁻
3. Cr²⁺ and N³⁻

Answer

Cu₂S, copper(I) sulfide
PtBr₂, platinum(II) bromide
Cr₃N₂, chromium(II) nitride

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Cu²⁺ and F⁻
2. U⁶⁺ and O²⁻
3. Au⁺ and P³⁻

Answer

CuF₂, copper(II) fluoride
UO₃, uranium(VI) oxide
Au₃P, gold(I) phosphide

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Sn²⁺ and N³⁻
2. Co²⁺ and I⁻
3. Au³⁺ and S²⁻

Answer

Sn₃N₂, tin(II) nitride
CoI₂, cobalt(II) iodide
Au₂S₃, gold(III) sulfide

Name each of the following compounds:
1. Cr₂O₃
2. FeCl₂
3. CrO₃
4. TiCl₄
5. CoO
6. SnS₂

Answer

chromium(III) oxide
iron(II) chloride
chromium(VI) oxide
titanium(IV) chloride
cobalt(II) oxide
tin(IV) sulfide

Name each of the following compounds:
1. NiBr₂
2. WO₃
3. CoS
4. V₂O₅
5. MnO₂
6. Fe₂O₃

Answer

nickel(II) bromide
tungsten(VI) oxide
cobalt(II) sulfide
vanadium(V) oxide
manganese(IV) oxide
iron(III) oxide

5.7: Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. K⁺ and SO₄²⁻
2. NH₄⁺ and S²⁻
3. NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻

Answer

K₂SO₄, potassium sulfate
(NH₄)₂S, ammonium sulfide
(NH₄)₃PO₄, ammonium phosphate

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Ca²⁺ and NO₃⁻
2. Ca²⁺ and NO₂⁻
3. W³⁺ and C₂H₃O₂⁻

Answer

Ca(NO₃)₂, calcium nitrate
Ca(NO₂)₂, calcium nitrite
W(C₂H₃O₂)₃, tungsten(III) acetate

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Pb⁴⁺ and SO₄²⁻
2. Na⁺ and NO₃⁻
3. Li⁺ and CO₃²⁻

Answer

Pb(SO₄)₂, lead(IV) sulfate
NaNO₃, sodium nitrate
Li₂CO₃, lithium carbonate

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. NH₄⁺ and N³⁻
2. Mg²⁺ and CN⁻
3. Al³⁺ and OH⁻

Answer

(NH₄)₃N, ammonium nitride
Mg(CN)₂, magnesium cyanide
Al(OH)₃, aluminum hydroxide

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Ag⁺ and SO₃²⁻
2. Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻
3. Fe³⁺ and ClO₃⁻

Answer

Ag₂SO₃, silver sulfite
NaHCO₃, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate
Fe(ClO₃)₃, iron(III) chlorate

Give the formula and name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions.
1. Sn²⁺ and C₂H₃O₂⁻
2. Au³⁺ and SO₃²⁻
3. Sr²⁺ and NO₂⁻

Answer

Sn(C₂H₃O₂)₂, tin(II) acetate
Au₂(SO₃)₃, gold(III) sulfite
Sr(NO₂)₂, strontium nitrite

The uranyl cation has the formula UO₂²⁺. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the uranyl cation and F⁻, SO₄²⁻, and PO₄³⁻.

Answer: UO₂F₂, uranyl fluoride; UO₂SO₄, uranyl sulfate; (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂, uranyl phosphate

The permanganate anion has the formula MnO₄⁻. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the permanganate ion and K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Fe³⁺.

Answer: KMnO₄, potassium permangante; Ca(MnO₄)₂, calcium permanganate; Fe(MnO₄)₃, iron(III) permanganate

For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form:
1. Ca²⁺, S²⁻
2. $\ce{NH4+}$ , $\ce{SO4^2-}$
3. Al³⁺, Br⁻
4. Na⁺, $\ce{SO4^2-}$
5. Mg²⁺, $\ce{PO4^3-}$

Answer

CaS
(NH₄)₂SO₄
AlBr₃
Na₂SO₄
Mg₃(PO₄)₂

For each of the following pairs of ions, write the formula of the compound they will form:
1. K⁺, O²⁻
2. $\ce{NH4+}$ , $\ce{PO4^3-}$
3. Al³⁺, O²⁻
4. Li⁺, $\ce{CO3^2-}$
5. Ba²⁺, $\ce{PO4^3-}$

Answer

K₂O
(NH₄)₃PO₄
Al₂O₃
Li₂CO₃
Ba₃(PO₄)₂

Write the formulas for each of the following compounds:
1. potassium phosphate
2. copper(II) sulfate
3. calcium chloride
4. titanium(IV) oxide
5. ammonium nitrate

Answer

K₃PO₄
CuSO₄
CaCl₂
TiO₂
NH₄NO₃

Name each of the following compounds:
1. Ca(ClO₃)₂
2. FeSO₄
3. CaCO₃
4. AgNO₂
5. Ni(CN)₃

Answer

calcium chlorate
iron(II) sulfate
calcium carbonate
silver nitrite
nickel(III) cyanide

5.8: Binary Molecular Compounds

What is the stem of fluorine used in molecule names? CF₄ is one example.

Answer: fluor–

What is the stem of bromine used in molecule names? SiBr₄ is an example.

Answer: brom–

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. PF₃
2. SCl₂
3. N₂O₃

Answer

phosphorus trifluoride
sulfur dichloride
dinitrogen trioxide

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. NO
2. CS₂
3. As₂O₃

Answer

nitrogen monoxide
carbon disulfide
diarsenic trioxide

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. XeF₂
2. O₂F₂
3. SF₆

Answer

xenon difluoride
dioxygen difluoride
sulfur hexafluoride

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. P₄O₁₀
2. B₂O₃
3. P₂S₃

Answer

tetraphosphorus decoxide
diboron trioxide
diphosphorus trisulfide

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. N₂O
2. N₂O₄
3. N₂O₅

Answer

dinitrogen monoxide
dinitrogen tetroxide
dinitrogen pentoxide

Give the proper name for each molecule.
1. SO₂
2. Cl₂O
3. XeF₆

Answer

sulfur dioxide
dichlorine monoxide
xenon hexafluoride

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. dinitrogen pentoxide
2. tetraboron tricarbide
3. phosphorus pentachloride

Answer

N₂O₅
B₄C₃
PCl₅

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. nitrogen triiodide
2. diarsenic trisulfide
3. iodine trichloride

Answer

NI₃
As₂S₃
ICl₃

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. dioxygen difluoride
2. dinitrogen trisulfide
3. xenon tetrafluoride

Answer

O₂F₂
N₂S₃
XeF₄

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. chlorine dioxide
2. sulfur dibromide
3. dinitrogen trioxide

Answer

ClO₂
SBr₂
N₂O₃

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. iodine trifluoride
2. xenon trioxide
3. disulfur decafluoride

Answer

IF₃
XeO₃
S₂F₁₀

Give the proper formula for each name.
1. silicon dioxide
2. carbon disulfide
3. disulfur dibromide

Answer

SiO₂
CS₂
S₂Br₂

5.9: Acids

Give the formula for each acid.
1. chloric acid
2. hydroiodic acid

Answer

HClO₃
HI

Give the formula for each acid.
1. hydrosulfuric acid
2. phosphorous acid

Answer

H₂S
H₃PO₃

Name each acid.
1. HF(aq)
2. HNO₃(aq)
3. HC₂H₃O₂(aq)

Answer

hydrofluoric acid
nitric acid
acetic acid

Name each acid.
1. H₂SO₄(aq)
2. H₃PO₄(aq)
3. HCl(aq)

Answer

sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid
hydrochloric acid

5.10: Nomenclature Summary

Name the following compounds:
1. HClO₂
2. CuO
3. K₂SO₄
4. BrCl₃
5. HBr
6. AlF₃

Answer

chlorous acid
copper(II) oxide
potassium sulfate
bromine trichloride
hydrobromic acid
aluminum fluoride

Name the following compounds:
1. NaF
2. (NH₄)₂O
3. MnCl₃
4. H₂S
5. P₄O₆
6. HNO₃

Answer

sodium fluoride
ammonium oxide
manganese(III) chloride
hydrosulfuric acid
tetraphosphorus hexoxide
nitric acid

Write the formulas of the following compounds:
1. strontium bromide
2. acetic acid
3. lead(II) oxide
4. gold(III) hydroxide
5. hydrofluoric acid
6. diphosphorus pentasulfide
7. aluminum sulfite
8. krypton tetrafluoride

Answer

SrBr₂
HC₂H₃O₂
PbO
Au(OH)₃
HF
P₂S₅
Al₂(SO₃)₃
KrF₄

Write the formulas of the following compounds:
1. lithium carbonate
2. silver sulfide
3. molybdenum(III) nitride
4. diboron hexahydride
5. sulfuric acid
6. trisulfur heptachloride
7. manganese(IV) chlorate
8. hydrobromic acid

Answer

Li₂CO₃
Ag₂S
MoN
B₂H₆
H₂SO₄
S₃Cl₇
Mn(ClO₃)₄
HBr

Write the formulas of the following compounds:
1. chlorine dioxide
2. carbonic acid
3. potassium phosphide
4. nickel(III) nitrite
5. aluminum chlorite
6. carbon disulfide

Answer

ClO₂
H₂CO₃
K₃P
Ni(NO₂)₃
Al(ClO₂)₃
CS₂

Write the formulas of the following compounds:
1. barium chloride
2. xenon dioxide
3. iron(III) nitrate
4. acetic acid
5. dinitrogen trioxide
6. tin(IV) chloride

Answer

BaCl₂
XeO₂
Fe(NO₃)₃
HC₂H₃O₂
N₂O₃
SnCl₄

This page was adapted from "Beginning Chemistry (Ball)" by LibreTexts and "Chemistry (OpenStax)" by LibreTexts and is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Vicki MacMurdo (Anoka-Ramsey Community College) and Lance S. Lund (Anoka-Ramsey Community College).

5.2: Chemical Formulas

5.3: A Closer Look at Elements and Compounds

5.4: Chemical Nomenclature and the Classification of Compounds

5.5: Binary Ionic Compounds

5.6: Ions With Variable Charges

5.7: Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

5.8: Binary Molecular Compounds

5.9: Acids

5.10: Nomenclature Summary

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