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23.18: Summary of Reactions

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    23 • Summary of Reactions 23 • Summary of Reactions
    1. Aldol reaction (Section 23.1)
      The reversible reaction shows two aldehydes with sodium hydroxide/ethanol, forming beta-hydroxy aldehyde. The product is R C H 2 C H O H C H R C H O.
    • Mixed aldol reaction (Section 23.5)
      A ketone reacts with phenylaldehyde and sodium hydroxide, ethanol to form a compound with hydroxyl and keto. A ketone reacts with formaldehyde to form a compound with alcohol.
    • Intramolecular aldol reaction (Section 23.6)
      The reaction shows the intramolecular aldol formation of a diketocarbonyl compound with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, forming a cyclic carbonyl compound and water as the products.
    • Dehydration of aldol products (Section 23.3)
      The reaction shows the dehydration of a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound, in the presence of sodium hydroxide or hydronium ions, forming an alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound and water.
    • Claisen condensation reaction (Section 23.7)
      Claisen condensation of two molecules of an ester in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol forms a beta keto ester product, releasing alcohol as a byproduct.
    • Mixed Claisen condensation reaction (Section 23.8)
      A mixed Claisen condensation between two different esters produces a beta-ketoester product and ethyl alcohol as a byproduct. This reaction forms new carbon-carbon bonds and releases alcohol.
    • Intramolecular Claisen condensation (Dieckmann cyclization; Section 23.9)
      The first reaction shows the intramolecular condensation of a diester (six-carbon) forming a cyclic five-membered dicarbonyl. The second reaction shows the formation of cyclic six-membered dicarbonyl (seven-carbon) using sodium ethoxide/ethanol.
    • Michael reaction (Section 23.10)
      The reaction of dicarbonyl and alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound with sodium ethoxide and ethanol, forms a new carbon-carbon bond between the two reactants.
    • Carbonyl condensations with enamines (Stork enamine reaction; Section 23.11)
      An enamine reacts with alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound in T H F solvent followed by acid hydrolysis, yielding a dicarbonyl product, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.

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