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2.16: Additional Exercises

  • Page ID
    424099
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    Hybridization

    2-1 For each of the following compounds, identify the hybridization of each carbon or nitrogen atom with an arrow pointed at it. a6Bzzi9RmUaTFa-nJn25Q8rvgxGUD8bYa8mXaomUzpOUuqxOXwKwJJTfgt713m7glswkBmh1pG4ezTmrtjDebHpuMMEmcGICNrBn-EDwgwtz3qRh9-2qNnuqsvFVuewRb62f4g0K

    2-2 Rank the following bonds in order of decreasing bond length. Then rank the bonds in order from strongest to weakest.

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    2-3 How many sigma and pi bonds are in a molecule of ethane (C2H6)?

    2-4 How many sigma and pi bonds are in a molecule of ethylene (C2H4)?

    2-5 How many sigma and pi bonds are in a molecule of acetylene (C2H2)?

    Hybridization, Electron Geometry, and Molecular Shape

    2-6 What is the hybridization state and geometry of the carbon atom in methane (CH4)?

    a) sp, linear

    b) sp3, tetrahedral

    c) sp2, trigonal planar

    d) None of the above

    2-7 Identify the electron geometry of the following compounds.

    a) H2O

    b) PF5

    c) NH4+

    d) The carbonyl carbon of acetone (CH3)2CO. (Note that double bonds between carbon and oxygen must be recognized.)

    2-8 For the following compounds, identify which atoms have sp2 hybridization.

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    2-9 Draw the orbitals showing the geometric shape of ammonia (NH3). Identify its geometric shape.

    2-10 What is the geometric shape of the boron atom in BH3? What is the bond angle of the hydrogen atoms?

    Bond Rotation

    2-11 Will the following compound experience free rotation around the middle bond? Explain why or why not.

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    2-12 Will the following compound experience free rotation around the middle bond? Explain why or why not.

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    2-13 Can a molecule of ethylene experience free rotation around the C=C bond?

    Polarity of Bonds and Molecules

    2-14 For the following compounds, draw an arrow to show the direction of the dipole moment (if any).

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    2-15 In the following pairs of compounds, identify the compound with the larger dipole moment (if any).

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    2-16 True or False: Generally, the larger the difference in electronegativity of connected atoms, the greater the dipole moment.

    Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

    2-17 Identify which of the following compounds can form hydrogen bonds.

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    2-18 For the compounds in the previous problem ( 2-17 above) that can hydrogen bond, draw how they can form those bonds.

    2-19 Identify what type of intermolecular force the following compounds experience.

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    IMFs and Solubility

    2-20 Identify whether the following compounds are miscible or soluble in water.

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    2-21 Identify which solvent, hexanes or dichloromethane (DCM), would be the better solvent to dissolve 3.0 grams of caffeine. Explain your answer.
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    Hydrocarbons and an Introduction to Isomerism

    2-22 Identify whether the following hydrocarbons are alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes.

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    2-23 For the following compounds, identify the hybridization state of each labeled carbon.

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    2-24 Draw all possible isomers for the following compounds.

    a) C4H10

    b) C6H14

    c) C3H6

    2-25 Does (CH3)2CHCCCH3 show cis/trans isomerism? Explain why or why not.

    Organic Compounds with Oxygen

    2-26 Identify the functional group(s) of each compound.

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    2-27 What functional groups are found in the following compounds?

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    2-28 What oxygen-containing functional groups are present in the following compounds. The nitrogen-containing group is a challenge question.

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    2-29 Identify whether the functional groups on the following compounds are classified correctly. If not, give the correct classification.

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    Organic Compounds with Nitrogen

    2-30 First, identify which of the following compounds has a dipole moment. Then, predict which of the following compounds will have the higher boiling point and explain why.

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    2-31 Identify whether the functional groups of the following compounds are classified correctly. If not, give the correct classification.
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    2.16: Additional Exercises is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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