6.11: Solubility Product Constant
- Page ID
- 371721
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Solubility Product Constant
John Moore, Jia Zhou, and Etienne Garand
Solubility Product Constants for Select Compounds
Ksp determined at 25 °C.
| Substance | Kₛₚ |
|---|---|
| Aluminum Compounds | |
| AlAsO₄ | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁶ |
| Al(OH)₃ amorphous | 1.3 × 10⁻³³ |
| AlPO₄ | 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁹ |
| Barium Compounds | |
| Ba₃(AsO₄)₂ | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ |
| BaCO₃ | 5.1 × 10⁻⁹ |
| BaC₂O₄ | 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ |
| BaCrO₄ | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| BaF₂ | 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ |
| Ba(OH)₂ | 5 × 10⁻³ |
| Ba₃(PO₄)₂ | 3.4 × 10⁻²³ |
| BaSeO₄ | 3.5 × 10⁻⁸ |
| BaSO₄ | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| BaSO₃ | 8 × 10⁻⁷ |
| BaS₂O₃ | 1.6 × 10⁻⁵ |
| Bismuth Compounds | |
| BiAsO₄ | 4.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| BiOCl‡ | 1.8 × 10⁻³¹ |
| BiO(OH) | 4 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| Bi(OH)₃ | 4 × 10⁻³¹ |
| BiI₃ | 8.1 × 10⁻¹⁹ |
| BiPO₄ | 1.3 × 10⁻²³ |
| Cadmium Compounds | |
| Cd₃(AsO₄)₂ | 2.2 × 10⁻³³ |
| CdCO₃ | 5.2 × 10⁻¹² |
| Cd(CN)₂ | 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ |
| Cd₂[Fe(CN)₆] | 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁷ |
| Cd(OH)₂ fresh | 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ |
| Calcium Compounds | |
| Ca₃(AsO₄)₂ | 6.8 × 10⁻¹⁹ |
| CaCO₃ | 2.8 × 10⁻⁹ |
| CaCrO₄ | 7.1 × 10⁻⁴ |
| CaC₂O₄·H₂O§ | 4 × 10⁻⁹ |
| CaF₂ | 5.3 × 10⁻⁹ |
| Ca(OH)₂ | 5.5 × 10⁻⁶ |
| CaHPO₄ | 1 × 10⁻⁷ |
| Ca₃(PO₄)₂ | 2.0 × 10⁻²⁹ |
| CaSeO₄ | 8.1 × 10⁻⁴ |
| CaSO₄ | 9.1 × 10⁻⁶ |
| CaSO₃ | 6.8 × 10⁻⁸ |
| Chromium Compounds | |
| CrAsO₄ | 7.7 × 10⁻²¹ |
| Cr(OH)₂ | 2 × 10⁻¹⁶ |
| Cr(OH)₃ | 6.3 × 10⁻³¹ |
| CrPO₄·4H₂O green§ | 2.4 × 10⁻²³ |
| CrPO₄·4H₂O violet§ | 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁷ |
| Cobalt Compounds | |
| Co₃(AsO₄)₂ | 7.6 × 10⁻²⁹ |
| CoCO₃ | 1.4 × 10⁻¹³ |
| Co(OH)₂ fresh | 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁵ |
| Co(OH)₃ | 1.6 × 10⁻⁴⁴ |
| CoHPO₄ | 2 × 10⁻⁷ |
| Co₃(PO₄)₂ | 2 × 10⁻³⁵ |
| Copper Compounds | |
| CuBr | 5.3 × 10⁻⁹ |
| CuCl | 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ |
| CuCN | 3.2 × 10⁻²⁰ |
| CuI | 1.1 × 10⁻¹² |
| CuOH | 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ |
| CuSCN | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁵ |
| Cu₃(AsO₄)₂ | 7.6 × 10⁻³⁶ |
| CuCO₃ | 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| Cu₂[Fe(CN)₆] | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁶ |
| Cu(OH)₂ | 2.2 × 10⁻²⁰ |
| Cu₃(PO₄)₂ | 1.3 × 10⁻³⁷ |
| Gold Compounds | |
| AuCl | 2.0 × 10⁻¹³ |
| AuI | 1.6 × 10⁻²³ |
| AuCl₃ | 3.2 × 10⁻²⁵ |
| Au(OH)₃ | 5.5 × 10⁻⁴⁶ |
| AuI₃ | 1 × 10⁻⁴⁶ |
| Iron Compounds | |
| FeCO₃ | 3.2 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| Fe(OH)₂ | 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁶ |
| FeC₂O₄·2H₂O§ | 3.2 × 10⁻⁷ |
| FeAsO₄ | 5.7 × 10⁻²¹ |
| Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ | 3.3 × 10⁻⁴¹ |
| Fe(OH)₃ | 4 × 10⁻³⁸ |
| FePO₄ | 1.3 × 10⁻²² |
| Lead Compounds | |
| Pb₃(AsO₄)₂ | 4.0 × 10⁻³⁶ |
| PbBr₂ | 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ |
| PbCO₃ | 7.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ |
| PbCl₂ | 1.6 × 10⁻⁵ |
| PbCrO₄ | 2.8 × 10⁻¹³ |
| PbF₂ | 2.7 × 10⁻⁸ |
| Pb(OH)₂ | 1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵ |
| PbI₂ | 7.1 × 10⁻⁹ |
| PbC₂O₄ | 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| PbHPO₄ | 1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| Pb₃(PO₄)₂ | 8.0 × 10⁻⁴³ |
| PbSeO₄ | 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ |
| PbSO₄ | 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ |
| Pb(SCN)₂ | 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ |
| Magnesium Compounds | |
| Mg₃(AsO₄)₂ | 2.1 × 10⁻²⁰ |
| MgCO₃ | 3.5 × 10⁻⁸ |
| MgCO₃·3H₂O§ | 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ |
| MgC₂O₄·2H₂O§ | 1 × 10⁻⁸ |
From Patnaik, P., Dean's Analytical Chemistry Handbook, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004, Table 4.2.
No metal sulfides are listed in this table because sulfide ion is such a strong base that the usual solubility product equilibrium equation does not apply. See Myers, R. J. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 63, 1986, pp. 687-690.
‡From Meites, L. Ed. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
§Because [H2O] does not appear in equilibrium constants for equilibria in aqueous solution in general, it does not appear in the Ksp expressions for hydrated solids.