Section 2 Final Evaluation

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Jun 25, 2021
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- 2.4: Epigenetic Mechanisms
- 3: Principles of Genetic Toxicology

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1. The carbohydrate component of a nucleoside and nucleotide is usually:

The sugar ribose for RNA molecule and deoxyribose for DNA molecule

Carboxylic group for DNA molecule and amino group for RNA molecule

The deoxyribose for RNA molecule and sugar ribose for DNA molecule

The deoxyribose for RNA molecule and deoxyribose for DNA molecule

Answer: The sugar ribose for RNA molecule and deoxyribose for DNA molecule

2. During protein translation, the sequence of codons (triplets of bases) of mRNA is important for:

Maintaining the structure of the mRNA

Translating the correct sequence of an amino acid

DNA replication

DNA synthesis

Answer: Translating the correct sequence of an amino acid

3. In DNA replication, the lagging strand short chains of nucleic acids, called Okazaki fragments, are generated and the enzyme DNA ______ joins the Okazaki fragments together with lagging strand for replication to proceeds.

topoisomerase

polymerase

helicase

ligase

Answer: ligase

4. Point mutation when the orientation of a single base pair purine and pyrimidine nucleotide is reversed is termed:

Transition

Missense

Transversion

Nonsense

Answer: Transversion

5. The main function of _______ is to control the fluidity of biological membranes.

Glycerol

Cholesterol

Glucose

Phospholipid

Answer: Cholesterol

6. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and

Detoxification by hydroxylation reactions

Provides mechanical support for cells

Monooxygenase reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Production of energy

Answer: Detoxification by hydroxylation reactions

7. The only organelles which are equipped with their own (circular) DNA, RNA and ribosomes and can perform their own protein synthesis are:

Nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Peroxisomes

Mitochondria

Answer: Mitochondria

8. Phospholipids are the major component of cell membranes forming lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic property whose structure consist of:

Two hydrophilic fatty acid “tails” and a hydrophobic head consisting of a phosphate group (PO4-3) attached to the third glycerol carbon.

Two hydrophobic fatty acid “tails” and a hydrophobic head consisting of a phosphate group (PO4-3) attached to the third glycerol carbon.

Two hydrophobic fatty acid “tails” and a hydrophilic head consisting of a phosphate group (PO4-3) attached to the third glycerol carbon.

Four hydrophilic fatty acid “tails” and a hydrophobic head consisting of a phosphate group (PO4-3) attached to the third glycerol carbon.

Answer: Two hydrophobic fatty acid “tails” and a hydrophilic head consisting of a phosphate group (PO4-3) attached to the third glycerol carbon.

9. The most important structural component of a nucleus consisting of positively charged protein and negatively charged DNA is called:

Lysosome

Chromatin

Cytoskeleton

Nucleolus

Answer: chromatin

10. The difference between amino acids and fatty acids in terms of structure is that amino acids carry a carboxyl and an amino group while fatty acids carry a carboxyl and a methyl group.

True

False

Answer: true

11. An example of a nucleotide with a two ring structures is:

Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A)

Uracil (U)

Thymine (T)

Answer: Adenine (A) [and also Guanine(G)]

12. DNA methylation occurs predominantly in ________ to inhibit the binding of transcription factors to their recognition site which results in the inhibition of gene transcription.

Guanine

Cytosine

Adenine

Thymine

Answer: Cytosine (C)

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