Part VIII. Applying the Analytical Method
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- 241118
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Calculate the concentration of danshensu and the concentration of tanshinone I in each sample. For each set of samples—wild samples and cultivated samples—calculate the mean, the standard deviation, and the relative standard deviation for each analyte and comment on your results.
The table below reports the concentration of danshensu and tanshinone I in each sample.
|
Danshen Source |
concentration (mg/g) for danshensu |
concentration (mg/g) for tanshinone I |
|---|---|---|
|
Wild Samples (Cities in Shandong Province) |
||
|
Sanshangou |
0.472 |
2.71 |
|
Yuezhuang |
0.224 |
1.21 |
|
Dazhangzhuang |
0.257 |
1.48 |
|
Pingse |
0.812 |
0.92 |
|
Mengyin |
0.217 |
2.89 |
|
Cultivated Samples (Lot Number) |
||
|
020208 |
0.511 |
2.99 |
|
020209 |
0.517 |
3.00 |
|
020210 |
0.509 |
3.01 |
|
020211 |
0.497 |
3.24 |
|
020212 |
0.512 |
3.30 |
For the wild samples of Danshen originating from Shandong Province, the mean concentration for danshensu is 0.396 mg/g with a standard deviation of 0.255 and a relative standard deviation of 64.3%; the mean concentration for tanshinone I is 1.84 mg/g with a standard deviation of 0.899 and a relative standard deviation of 48.8%.
For the cultivated samples of Danshen, the mean concentration for danshensu is 0.509 mg/g with a standard deviation of 0.0074 and a relative standard deviation of 1.5%. The mean concentration for tanshinone I in the cultivated samples is 3.11 mg/g with a standard deviation of 0.150 and a relative standard deviation of 4.8%.
The concentrations of danshensu and tanshinone I in the wild samples of Danshen show substantial variability for plants collected from different locations, as evinced by the large standard deviations and relative standard deviations. The small standard deviations and relative standard deviations for danshensu and for tanshinone I in the cultivated samples show that there is a much smaller variation between plants. These results are not surprising as we might reasonably expect the concentrations of Danshen’s hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds to be sensitive to their local environment and to the consistency in the water and nutrients reaching the plants.
Note: The data in Table 6 are drawn from the paper “Simultaneous Determination of Seven Active Compounds in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae by Temperature-Controlled Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and HPLC,” the full reference for which is Qu, H.; Zhai, X.; Shao, Q.; Cheng, Y. Chromatographa 2007, 66, 21–27. (DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0244-4).