Angular Momentum I (Worksheet)
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Work in groups on these problems. You should try to answer the questions without referring to your textbook. If you get stuck, try asking another group for help.
Angular Momentum
We can express the quantum mechanical angular momentum using operators:
ˆLx=ˆyˆpz−ˆzˆpy=−iℏ(y∂∂z−z∂∂y)
ˆLy=ˆzˆpx−ˆxˆpz=−iℏ(z∂∂x−x∂∂z)
ˆLz=ˆxˆpy−ˆyˆpx=−iℏ(x∂∂y−y∂∂x)
ˆL2=ˆL2x+ˆL2y+ˆL2z=−ℏ2(∂2∂x2+∂2∂y2+∂2∂z2)
Q1
Given these definitions, show that ˆL2 and ˆLx commute.
Use definitions in Cartesian coordinates to show that [ˆLx,ˆLy]=iℏˆLz, [ˆLy,ˆLz]=iℏˆLx, [ˆLz,ˆLx]=iℏˆLy
Define two new Hermitians operators:
- ˆL+=ˆLx+iˆLy and
- ˆL−=ˆLx−iˆLy
Do ˆL+ and ˆL− commute with ˆL2? If not, what is the value of the commutator?
Do ˆL+ and ˆL− commute with ˆLz? If not, what is the value of the commutator?
Q2
We know that ˆL2Ylm(θ,ϕ)=ℏ2l(l+1). Thus, Ylm(θ,ϕ) must also be an eigenfunction of ˆLz. Given that ˆLz=−iℏ∂∂ϕ, show that Ylm(θ,ϕ) is also an eigenfunction for ˆLz by applying it directly. What is the eigenvalue for ˆLzYlm(θ,ϕ)?
Y0,0(θ,ϕ)=Y00(θ,ϕ)=1(4π)1/2 | Y1,0(θ,ϕ)=Y01(θ,ϕ)=3(4π)1/2cosθ |
Y1,1(θ,ϕ)=Y11(θ,ϕ)=3(8π)1/2sinθeiϕ | Y1,−1(θ,ϕ)=Y−11(θ,ϕ)=3(8π)1/2sinθe−iϕ |
Y2,0(θ,ϕ)=Y02(θ,ϕ)=5(16π)1/2(cos2θ−1) | |
Y2,1(θ,ϕ)=Y12(θ,ϕ)=15(8π)1/2sinθcosθeiϕ | Y2,−1(θ,ϕ)=Y−12(θ,ϕ)=15(8π)1/2sinθcosθe−iϕ |
Y2,2(θ,ϕ)=Y22(θ,ϕ)=15(32π)1/2sin2θe2iϕ | Y2,−2(θ,ϕ)=Y−22(θ,ϕ)=15(32π)1/2sin2θe−2iϕ |
Y3,0(θ,ϕ)=Y03(θ,ϕ)=15(32π)1/2sin2θ |
What is the form of ˆL+ in spherical polar coordinates?
What is the form of ˆL− in spherical polar coordinates?
If you apply ˆL+ or ˆL− to Ylm(θ,ϕ), what happens?