\(^1H\) NNR Solvent Shifts
- Page ID
- 22643
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The following table lists Proton NMR Chemical Shifts of common laboratory solvents and impurities.
| proton | mult, J (Hz) | CDCl3 | CD2Cl2 | THF-d8 | toluene-d8 | C6D6 | C6D5Cl | (CD3)2CO | (CD3)2SO | CD3CN | TFE-d3 | CD3OD | D2O | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| solvent residual signals | - | - | 7.26 | 5.32 | 1.72 | 2.08 | 7.16 | 6.96 | 2.05 | 2.5 | 1.94 | 5.02 | 3.31 | 4.79 |
| - | - | - | - | 3.58 | 6.97 | - | 6.99 | - | - | - | 3.88 | - | - | |
| - | - | - | - | - | 7.01 | - | 7.14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | - | - | 7.09 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| water | OH | s | 1.56 | 1.52 | 2.46 | 0.43 | 0.4 | 1.03 | 2.84 | 3.33 | 2.13 | 3.66 | 4.87 | - |
| acetic acid | CH3 | s | 2.10 | 2.06 | 1.89 | 1.57 | 1.52 | 1.76 | 1.96 | 1.91 | 1.96 | 2.06 | 1.99 | 2.08 |
| acetone | CH3 | s | 2.17 | 2.12 | 2.05 | 1.57 | 1.55 | 1.77 | 2.09 | 2.09 | 2.08 | 2.19 | 2.15 | 2.22 |
| acetonitrile | CH3 | s | 2.10 | 1.97 | 1.95 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 1.21 | 2.05 | 2.07 | 1.96 | 1.95 | 2.03 | 2.06 |
| allyl acetate | CHCH2 | ddt | 5.93 | 5.92 | 5.9 | 5.67 | 5.68 | 5.77 | 5.92 | 5.91 | 5.93 | 5.93 | 5.94 | 5.99 |
| CHCH2(1) | ddt | 5.32 | 5.31 | 5.27 | 5.05 | 5.06 | 5.15 | 5.29 | 5.29 | 5.29 | 5.32 | 5.30 | 5.37 | |
| CHCH2(2) | ddt | 5.24 | 5.22 | 5.15 | 4.94 | 4.94 | 5.04 | 5.18 | 5.20 | 5.21 | 5.25 | 5.21 | 5.30 | |
| CH2 | ddd | 4.57 | 4.55 | 4.50 | 4.34 | 4.38 | 4.44 | 4.53 | 4.52 | 4.53 | 4.58 | 4.56 | 4.62 | |
| CH3 | s | 2.09 | 2.05 | 1.98 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.80 | 2.02 | 2.03 | 2.02 | 2.07 | 2.05 | 2.13 | |
| benzaldehyde | CHO | s | 10.03 | 10.01 | 9.98 | 9.57 | 9.64 | 9.77 | 10.05 | 10.02 | 10.01 | 9.88 | 10 | 9.96 |
| CH(2,6) | m | 7.88–7.91 | 7.87–7.89 | 7.86–7.88 | 7.45–7.47 | 7.49–7.53 | 7.59–7.61 | 7.92–7.94 | 7.91–7.93 | 7.89–7.91 | 7.90–7.92 | 7.90–7.93 | 7.97–7.99 | |
| CH(3,5) | m | 7.51–7.57 | 7.53–7.57 | 7.51–7.55 | 6.95–6.99 | 6.93–6.99 | 7.15–7.19 | 7.59–7.63 | 7.61–7.67 | 7.57–7.61 | 7.56–7.59 | 7.56–7.60 | 7.57–7.66 | |
| CH(4) | m | 7.61–7.65 | 7.63–7.67 | 7.60–7.64 | 7.03–7.07 | 7.01–7.07 | 7.24–7.28 | 7.69–7.73 | 7.69–7.75 | 7.67–7.71 | 7.68–7.72 | 7.66–7.70 | 7.76–7.80 | |
| benzene | CH | s | 7.36 | 7.35 | 7.31 | 7.12 | 7.15 | 7.20 | 7.36 | 7.37 | 7.37 | 7.36 | 7.33 | - |
| tert-butyl alcohol | CH3 | s | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.15 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 1.16 | 1.28 | 1.40 | 1.24 |
| OH | s | - | - | 3.16 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 1.30 | - | 4.19 | 2.18 | 2.20 | - | - | |
| tert-butyl methyl ether | CCH3 | s | 1.19 | - | - | - | 1.07 | - | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.14 | - | 1.15 | 1.21 |
| OCH3 | s | 3.22 | - | - | - | 3.04 | - | 3.13 | 3.08 | 3.13 | - | 3.20 | 3.22 | |
| BHA | ArH | s | 6.76 | 6.73 | 6.68 | 6.83 | 6.93 | 6.83 | 6.72 | 6.62 | 6.73 | 6.87 | 6.71 | - |
| OH | s | 4.76 | 4.76 | 5.64 | 4.45 | 4.53 | 4.62 | 5.65 | 6.52 | 4.98 | - | 4.85 | - | |
| ArOCH3 | s | 3.77 | 3.73 | 3.68 | 3.48 | 3.48 | 3.61 | 3.72 | 3.66 | 3.72 | 3.79 | 3.72 | - | |
| ArC(CH3)3 | s | 1.44 | 1.42 | 1.4 | 1.34 | 1.41 | 1.37 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.4 | 1.44 | 1.41 | - | |
| BHT | ArH | s | 6.98 | 6.97 | 6.92 | 6.99 | 7.05 | 6.97 | 6.96 | 6.87 | 6.97 | 7.06 | 6.92 | - |
| OH | s | 5.01 | 5.00 | 5.81 | 4.72 | 4.79 | 5.50 | - | 6.65 | 5.20 | - | - | - | |
| ArCH3 | s | 2.27 | 2.25 | 2.21 | 2.23 | 2.24 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 2.18 | 2.22 | 2.24 | 2.21 | - | |
| ArC(CH3)3 | s | 1.43 | 1.42 | 1.4 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.39 | 1.43 | 1.40 | - | |
| chloroform | CH | s | 7.26 | 7.32 | 7.89 | 6.10 | 6.15 | 6.74 | 8.02 | 8.32 | 7.58 | 7.33 | 7.90 | - |
| 18-crown-6 | CH2 | s | 3.67 | 3.59 | 3.57 | 3.36 | 3.39 | 3.41 | 3.59 | 3.51 | 3.51 | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.80 |
| cyclohexane | CH2 | s | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.44 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.37 | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.44 | 1.47 | 1.45 | - |
| cyclohexanone | CH2(2,6) | t | 2.33 | 2.29 | 2.24 | 1.95 | 1.98 | 2.08 | 2.27 | 2.25 | 2.27 | 2.38 | 2.34 | 2.40 |
| CH2(3,5) | m | 1.84–1.86 | 1.81–1.87 | 1.77–1.82 | 1.33–1.39 | 1.28–1.37 | 1.48–1.53 | 1.79–1.83 | 1.74–1.78 | 1.79–1.84 | 1.87–1.92 | 1.85–1.87 | 1.85–1.90 | |
| CH2(4) | m | 1.71–1.73 | 1.69–1.72 | 1.68–1.71 | 1.16–1.20 | 1.08–1.16 | 1.33–1.37 | 1.70–1.74 | 1.64–1.66 | 1.67–1.72 | 1.75–1.78 | 1.74–1.76 | 1.70–1.75 | |
| diallyl carbonate | CHCH2 | ddt | 5.94 | 5.95 | 5.92 | 5.63 | 5.65 | 5.75 | 5.96 | 5.93 | 5.96 | 5.92 | 5.94 | 5.99 |
| CHCH2(1) | ddt | 5.37 | 5.35 | 5.31 | 5.09 | 5.09 | 5.17 | 5.35 | 5.33 | 5.34 | 5.35 | 5.34 | 5.40 | |
| CHCH2(2) | ddt | 5.27 | 5.26 | 5.19 | 4.92 | 4.92 | 5.03 | 5.23 | 5.25 | 5.25 | 5.28 | 5.25 | 5.32 | |
| CH2 | ddd | 4.64 | 4.61 | 4.58 | 4.34 | 4.38 | 4.46 | 4.62 | 4.61 | 4.61 | 4.62 | 4.61 | 4.69 | |
| 1,2-dichloroethane | CH2 | s | 3.73 | 3.76 | 3.77 | 2.91 | 2.90 | 3.26 | 3.87 | 3.90 | 3.81 | 3.71 | 3.78 | - |
| dichloromethane | CH2 | s | 5.30 | 5.33 | 5.51 | 4.32 | 4.27 | 4.77 | 5.63 | 5.76 | 5.44 | 5.24 | 5.49 | - |
| diethyl ether | CH3 | t, 7 | 1.21 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.1 | 1.11 | 1.1 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.2 | 1.18 | 1.17 |
| CH2 | q, 7 | 3.48 | 3.43 | 3.38 | 3.25 | 3.26 | 3.31 | 3.41 | 3.38 | 3.42 | 3.58 | 3.49 | 3.56 | |
| diglyme | CH2 | m | 3.65 | 3.57 | 3.43 | 3.43 | 3.46 | 3.49 | 3.56 | 3.51 | 3.53 | 3.67 | 3.61 | 3.67 |
| CH2 | m | 3.57 | 3.50 | 3.53 | 3.31 | 3.34 | 3.37 | 3.47 | 3.38 | 3.45 | 3.62 | 3.58 | 3.61 | |
| OCH3 | s | 3.39 | 3.33 | 3.28 | 3.12 | 3.11 | 3.16 | 3.28 | 3.24 | 3.29 | 3.41 | 3.35 | 3.37 | |
| 1,2-dimethoxyethane | CH3 | s | 3.4 | 3.34 | 3.28 | 3.12 | 3.12 | 3.17 | 3.28 | 3.24 | 3.28 | 3.4 | 3.35 | 3.37 |
| CH2 | s | 3.55 | 3.49 | 3.43 | 3.31 | 3.33 | 3.37 | 3.46 | 3.43 | 3.45 | 3.61 | 3.52 | 3.6 | |
| dimethylacetamide | CH3CO | s | 2.09 | 2.02 | 1.94 | 1.59 | 1.6 | 1.74 | 1.97 | 1.96 | 1.97 | 2.09 | 2.07 | 2.08 |
| NCH3 | s | 3.02 | 2.97 | 2.95 | 2.56 | 2.57 | 2.65 | 3.00 | 2.94 | 2.96 | 3.05 | 3.31 | 3.06 | |
| NCH3 | s | 2.94 | 2.87 | 2.82 | 2.11 | 2.05 | 2.42 | 2.83 | 2.78 | 2.83 | 2.94 | 2.92 | 2.90 | |
| dimethyl carbonate | CH3 | s | 3.79 | 3.75 | 3.69 | 3.31 | 3.30 | 3.48 | 3.72 | 3.69 | 3.72 | 3.77 | 3.74 | 3.69 |
| dimethyl malonate | CH3 | s | 3.75 | 3.72 | 3.65 | 3.24 | 3.23 | 3.41 | 3.68 | 3.65 | 3.68 | 3.76 | 3.72 | 3.78 |
| CH2 | s | 3.4 | 3.37 | 3.35 | 2.92 | 2.97 | 3.15 | 3.42 | 3.53 | 3.38 | 3.41 | 3.44 | 3.60 | |
| dimethylformamide | CH | s | 8.02 | 7.96 | 7.91 | 7.57 | 7.63 | 7.73 | 7.96 | 7.95 | 7.92 | 7.86 | 7.97 | 7.92 |
| CH3 | s | 2.88 | 2.82 | 2.76 | 1.96 | 1.86 | 2.30 | 2.78 | 2.73 | 2.77 | 2.88 | 2.86 | 2.85 | |
| dimethyl sulfoxide | CH3 | s | 2.62 | 2.55 | 2.45 | 1.64 | 1.68 | 2.03 | 2.52 | 2.54 | 2.50 | 2.63 | 2.65 | 2.71 |
| 1,4-dioxane | CH2 | s | 3.71 | 3.65 | 3.56 | 3.33 | 3.35 | 3.45 | 3.59 | 3.57 | 3.60 | 3.76 | 3.66 | 3.75 |
| ethane | CH3 | s | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.82 |
| ethanol | CH3 | t, 7 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.10 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.17 |
| CH2 | q, 7 | 3.72 | 3.66 | 3.51 | 3.36 | 3.34 | 3.51 | 3.57 | 3.44 | 3.54 | 3.71 | 3.60 | 3.65 | |
| OH | s | 1.32 | 1.33 | 3.30 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 1.39 | 3.39 | 4.63 | 2.47 | - | - | - | |
| ethyl acetate | CH3CO | s | 2.05 | 2.00 | 1.94 | 1.69 | 1.65 | 1.78 | 1.97 | 1.99 | 1.97 | 2.03 | 2.01 | 2.07 |
| CH2CH3 | q, 7 | 4.12 | 4.08 | 4.04 | 3.87 | 3.89 | 3.96 | 4.05 | 4.03 | 4.06 | 4.14 | 4.09 | 4.14 | |
| CH2CH3 | t, 7 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 1.04 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 1.24 | 1.24 | |
| ethyl methyl ketone | CH3CO | s | 2.14 | 2.09 | 2.03 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 1.78 | 2.07 | 2.07 | 2.06 | 2.16 | 2.12 | 2.19 |
| CH2CH3 | q, 7 | 2.46 | 2.43 | 2.39 | 1.82 | 1.81 | 2.06 | 2.45 | 2.43 | 2.43 | 2.49 | 2.5 | 3.18 | |
| CH2CH3 | t, 7 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.26 | |
| ethylene | CH2 | s | 5.40 | 5.40 | 5.36 | 5.25 | 5.25 | 5.29 | 5.38 | 5.41 | 5.41 | 5.40 | 5.39 | 5.44 |
| ethylene glycol | CH2 | s | 3.76 | 3.66 | 3.48 | 3.36 | 3.41 | 3.58 | 3.28 | 3.34 | 3.51 | 3.72 | 3.59 | 3.65 |
| furan | CH(2,5) | dd | 7.45 | 7.46 | 7.48 | 7.10 | 7.13 | 7.24 | 7.56 | 7.67 | 7.52 | 7.44 | 7.49 | 7.57 |
| CH(3,4) | dd | 6.40 | 6.41 | 6.37 | 6.07 | 6.08 | 6.19 | 6.43 | 6.47 | 6.44 | 6.42 | 6.40 | 6.51 | |
| H grease | CH3 | m | 0.84–0.87 | 0.84–0.90 | 0.85–0.91 | 0.89–0.96 | 0.90–0.98 | 0.86–0.92 | 0.90 | 0.82–0.88 | - | 0.88–0.94 | 0.86–0.93 | - |
| CH2 | br s | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.24 | - | 1.33 | 1.29 | - | |
| hexamethylbenzene | CH3 | s | 2.24 | 2.20 | 2.18 | 2.10 | 2.13 | 2.10 | 2.17 | 2.14 | 2.19 | 2.24 | 2.19 | - |
| hexamethyldisiloxane | CH3 | s | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.28 |
| n-hexane | CH3 | t,7 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.90 | - |
| CH2 | m | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.19 | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.29 | - | |
| HMPA | CH3 | d, 9.50 | 2.65 | 2.60 | 2.58 | 2.42 | 2.40 | 2.47 | 2.59 | 2.53 | 2.57 | 2.63 | 2.64 | 2.61 |
| hydrogen | H2 | s | 4.62 | 4.59 | 4.55 | 4.50 | 4.47 | 4.49 | 4.54 | 4.61 | 4.57 | 4.53 | 4.56 | - |
| imidazole | CH(2) | s | 7.67 | 7.63 | 7.48 | 7.30 | 7.33 | 7.53 | 7.62 | 7.63 | 7.57 | 7.61 | 7.67 | 7.78 |
| CH(4,5) | s | 7.1 | 7.07 | 6.94 | 6.86 | 6.90 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.03 | 7.05 | 7.14 | |
| methane | CH4 | s | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| methanol | CH3 | s | 3.49 | 3.42 | 3.27 | 3.03 | 3.07 | 3.25 | 3.31 | 3.16 | 3.28 | 3.44 | 3.34 | 3.34 |
| OH | s | 1.09 | 1.09 | 3.02 | - | - | 1.30 | 3.12 | 4.01 | 2.16 | - | - | - | |
| nitromethane | CH3 | s | 4.33 | 4.31 | 4.31 | 3.01 | 2.94 | 3.59 | 4.43 | 4.42 | 4.31 | 4.28 | 4.34 | 4.40 |
| n-pentane | CH3 | t, 7 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | - |
| CH2 | m | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.29 | - | |
| propane | CH3 | t, 7.3 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.88 |
| CH2 | sept, 7.3 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.30 | |
| 2-propanol | CH3 | d, 6 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.17 |
| CH | sept, 6 | 4.04 | 3.97 | 3.82 | 3.65 | 3.67 | 3.82 | 3.90 | 3.78 | 3.87 | 4.05 | 3.92 | 4.02 | |
| propylene | CH3 | dt, 6.4, 1.5 | 1.73 | 1.71 | 1.69 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.68 | 1.68 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.70 |
| CH2(1) | dm, 10 | 4.94 | 4.93 | 4.89 | 4.92 | 4.95 | 4.91 | 4.90 | 4.94 | 4.93 | 4.93 | 4.91 | 4.95 | |
| CH2(2) | dm, 17 | 5.03 | 5.03 | 4.99 | 4.98 | 5.01 | 4.98 | 5.00 | 5.03 | 5.04 | 5.03 | 5.01 | 5.06 | |
| CH | m | 5.83 | 5.84 | 5.79 | 5.70 | 5.72 | 5.72 | 5.81 | 5.80 | 5.85 | 5.87 | 5.82 | 5.90 | |
| pump oil | CH3 | m | 0.83–0.89 | 0.84–0.89 | 0.86–0.90 | 0.88–0.96 | 0.91–0.97 | 0.88–0.91 | 0.87 | 0.74 | 0.85 | 0.99 | 0.86–0.91 | - |
| CH2 | br s | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.37 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.15 | 1.27 | 1.41 | 1.29 | - | |
| pyridine | CH(2,6) | m | 8.62 | 8.59 | 8.54 | 8.47 | 8.53 | 8.51 | 8.58 | 8.58 | 8.57 | 8.45 | 8.53 | 8.52 |
| CH(3,5) | m | 7.29 | 7.28 | 7.25 | 6.67 | 6.66 | 6.90 | 7.35 | 7.39 | 7.33 | 7.40 | 7.44 | 7.45 | |
| CH(4) | m | 7.68 | 7.68 | 7.65 | 6.99 | 6.98 | 7.25 | 7.76 | 7.79 | 7.73 | 7.82 | 7.85 | 7.87 | |
| pyrrole | NH | br t | 8.40 | 8.69 | 9.96 | 7.71 | 7.80 | 8.61 | 10.02 | 10.75 | 9.27 | - | - | - |
| CH(2,5) | m | 6.83 | 6.79 | 6.66 | 6.43 | 6.48 | 6.62 | 6.77 | 6.73 | 6.75 | 6.84 | 6.72 | 6.93 | |
| CH(3,4) | m | 6.26 | 6.19 | 6.02 | 6.27 | 6.37 | 6.27 | 6.07 | 6.01 | 6.10 | 6.24 | 6.08 | 6.26 | |
| pyrrolidine | CH2(2,5) | m | 2.87 | 2.82 | 2.75 | 2.54 | 2.54 | 2.64 | - | 2.67 | 2.75 | 3.11 | 2.80 | 3.07 |
| CH2(3,4) | m | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.59 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.43 | - | 1.55 | 1.61 | 1.93 | 1.72 | 1.87 | |
| silicone grease | CH3 | s | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.13 | -0.06 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.1 | - |
| tetrahydrofuran | CH2(2,5) | m | 3.76 | 3.69 | 3.62 | 3.54 | 3.57 | 3.59 | 3.63 | 3.60 | 3.64 | 3.78 | 3.71 | 3.74 |
| CH2(3,4) | m | 1.85 | 1.82 | 1.79 | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.55 | 1.79 | 1.76 | 1.8 | 1.91 | 1.87 | 1.88 | |
| toluene | CH3 | s | 2.36 | 2.34 | 2.31 | 2.11 | 2.11 | 2.16 | 2.32 | 2.30 | 2.33 | 2.33 | 2.32 | - |
| CH(2,4,6) | m | 7.17 | 7.15 | 7.10 | 6.96–7.01 | 7.02 | 7.01–7.08 | 7.10–7.20 | 7.18 | 7.10–7.30 | 7.10–7.30 | 7.16 | - | |
| CH(3,5) | m | 7.25 | 7.24 | 7.19 | 7.09 | 7.13 | 7.10–7.17 | 7.10–7.20 | 7.25 | 7.10–7.30 | 7.10–7.30 | 7.16 | - | |
| triethylamine | CH3 | t, 7 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 1.31 | 1.05 | 0.99 |
| CH2 | q, 7 | 2.53 | 2.48 | 2.46 | 2.39 | 2.4 | 2.39 | 2.45 | 2.43 | 2.45 | 3.12 | 2.58 | 2.57 | |
- Gottlieb, H. E.; Kotlyar, V.; Nudelman, A. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7512-7515.
- Fulmer, G. R.; Miller, A. J. M.; Sherden, N. H.; Gottlieb, H. E.; Nudelman, A.; Stoltz, B. M.; Bercaw, J. E.; Goldberg, K. I. Organometallics 2010, 29, 2176-2179.