1.E: Exercises
- Page ID
- 438386
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)What is Chemistry?
When studying for your Chemistry class, which of the following should you never do?
a. Wait until the night before the exam to study for it.
b. Form study groups.
c. Ask my instructor if there is any material I do not understand.
d. Do all assigned homework and reading assignments.
In this list, which substance cannot be classified as chemical?
a. garlic.
b. palm oil.
c. corn syrup.
d. sleep.
In the numbers 34.521, the 3 is in the ________________ place.
a. ones
b. tens
c. hundreds
d. hundredths
e. tenth
Review the ingredients’ label below from a popular brand of bottled water. Besides water, name a chemical in this bottled water product.
Review the ingredients’ label below from a popular brand of sports performance drink. Why should a diabetic athlete be concerned with reading the ingredients of this sports performance drink?
Review the label from the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine and fill in the blanks in the following statement as best as you can:
The chemical used to dilute the vaccine suspension prior to use is called ________________.
Review the label from the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine and select all potential chemicals used to make the vaccine:
a. Proteins
b. Cholesterol
c. Calcium carbonate
d. Potassium Chloride
e. Sucrose
f. Silver chloride
g. DNA
h. MRNA
Review the label from a common brand of mouthwash and answer the questions. Fill in the blanks in the following statements as best as you can:
________________ ________________ is the highest concentration active ingredient.
Review the label from a common brand of mouthwash and answer the questions. How many mL of mouth wash should be taken daily?
a. 20 mL
b. 80 mL
c. 40 mL
d. 35 mL
The scientific method
Identify the following as an observation (O), hypothesis (H), Experiment (E), or conclusion (C).
a. The source of lead contamination was determined to be from window frames in the classroom that were painted in 1975.
b. Blood samples from a group of children in the same kindergarten class show high levels of lead, but no other students in the school were affected.
c. Paint samples from the classroom and furniture were collected and tested for lead contamination.
d. The children in the class are being exposed to lead originating from a source in their classroom.
Identify the following as an observation (O), hypothesis (H), experiment (E), or conclusion (C).
a. The rate of transmission of COVID-19 is increasing in the state of Georgia.
b. Scientific data supports the need for mask wearing in the classroom for K-12 students and to lower the transmission of the new Delta variant of COVID-19.
c. In the state of Georgia, there are about 40% of adults that are fully vaccinated for COVID-19.
d. Vaccinated people do not need to wear a mask.
Identify the following as an observation (O), hypothesis (H), experiment (E), or conclusion (C).
a. The lawn needs cutting since the grass is taller than 4 inches.
b. The Homeowners Association (HOA) will fine residents if the grass is over 4.0 inches over a period of three days.
c. Heights measurements of the grass over the past three weeks: 3.5 inches, 4.0 inches and 4.5 inches.
d. The grass is too tall (4.5 inches) and therefore must be cut.
Identify each of the following as an observation, a hypothesis, an experiment, or a conclusion:
a. During a clinical evaluation in the emergency room, a nurse writes that the patient has a resting pulse of 35 beats/min.
b. Repeated studies show that lowering sodium in the diet decreases the blood pressure.
c. A nurse thinks that a red and swollen incision from a recent surgery is infected.
Place values
The intravenous flow rate for a sterile solution is calculated to be 67.85 drops per minute. What are the place values for each of the digits in the flow rate? matching
a. 6: tens
b. 7: ones
c. 8: tenth
d. 5: hundredths
The length of the feet of a preterm baby is 5.234 cm. Identify the digit in the hundredths place:
a. 5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. none
The mass in grams of a newborn baby is 3,859.67 g. What does the 8 represent in this measurement?
a. 8
b. 80
c. 800
d. 8000
e. 0.008
As of July 28, 2021, the US population according to the U.S. Census Bureau is 332, 565, 302. Identify the digit in the hundredths place:
a. 5
b. 0
c. 6
d. 3
e. 2
As of July 28, 2021, the world population according to the U.S. Census Bureau is 7, 778, 762, 650. What does the 8 represent in this measurement:
a. 8
b. 8000
c. 8, 000, 000
d. 80, 000, 000
e. 800, 000, 000
What is the place value of the bolded digits in each of the numbers?
a. 6.3278
b. 14.1034
c. 3765.94
d. 37.4648
e. 355.78
Round each of the below numbers to the bolded digit:
a. 6.3278
b. 14.1034
c. 3765.94
d. 37.4648
e. 355.78
The graph below shows a body temperature of a child plotted against time after a dose of Tylenol was given. Using the graph below:
a. what was the child’s temperature 20 min after Tylenol was given?
b. How many minutes passed for the temperature to decrease from 39.4 \(^{\circ}\)C to 38.4 \(^{\circ}\)C?
What was the decrease, in degrees Celsius, between 10 min and 20 min?
Based on the graph below, proteins would reach the optimum metabolic rate after how many hours after meal _____________________.
Based on the graph below, the volume of the gas at the 3rd second is _____________________ for reaction 1 and __________________ for reaction 2.
Based on the graph below, the subject with the maximum number of students' enrollment is _____________________ and the subject with the least students enrolled is ________________.
Positive and Negative Numbers
\[(-5) + \text{ _____ } + (-12) = (-24)\nonumber\]
a. 7
b. 3
c. -7
d. -3
e. 4
\[(-6) + (-4) + (12) - (5) - (-3) = \ ? \nonumber\]
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1
e. 0
Evaluate each of the following without using your calculator:
a. \(-27 - (-8) =\)
b. \(29 + (-76) =\)
c. \(-5 \times -5 =\)
Percentages
If herd immunity to a viral outbreak can be reached when 70.0% of a population is vaccinated, how many people out of 320, 000, 000 would have to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity?
a. 224, 000, 000
b. 220, 000, 000
c. 200, 000, 000
d. 240, 000, 000
e. 198, 000, 000
If you score 64% on an exam that had 25 questions of equal value, how many questions did you get wrong?
a. 16
b. 9
c. 18
d. 7
e. 8
A fish company delivers 22 kg of salmon, 5.5 kg of crab and 3.48 kg of oysters to your seafood restaurant. What percent of seafood delivered is salmon?
a. 22%
b. 71%
c. 29%
d. 25%
The causes of the death (2, 189, 933 annually) in the US as compiled by the CDC are described in the graph below. Estimate the percentage of deaths caused by medical error:
a. 11.5%
b. 22.5%
c. 5.60%
d. 35.5%
A bike lost 20% of its value after the first year, its value after the first year is $1,039. Calculate the original price of the bike?
A patient weighs 74 kilograms and has a body fat percentage of 26%. How many kilograms of their body mass comes from fat?
A chocolate cake normal recipe contains a mass of 500 g. A special recipe recommends adding 10% more chocolate, what is its new mass in grams?
A person weighs 70 kg and 16% of the body mass is found to be body fat. What is the mass of the fat in kilograms?
A bag of fertilizer contains 20% of nitrogen, which is 6 lb. What is the packaging of the fertilizer in lb?
A student works two part-time jobs and received a 12% raise from one job. This raise is equivalent to overall 4% increase in the total income. If there was a 4% raise from the other job, what is the total increase of the income in percent?
a. 6%
b. 7%
c. 8%
d. 9%
e. 10%
Solving Equations
Given the equation, \(y = mx + b\), rearrange to solve for \(m\):
a. \(m = (y/x) - b\)
b. \(m = (y - b)/x\)
c. \(m = (y + b)/x\)
d. \(m = y/(m + b)\)
What is the correct value for \(x\) in the following equation: \(3x - (-6) = 18\)?
a. 9
b. 4
c. 8
d. 6
e. 12
Assume that a lethal dose of alcohol is 8.0 g of alcohol per 1 kg of body weight. An unconscious adult weighing 60.0 kg is brought into the emergency room after ingesting 400.0 g of alcohol. Did this person consume a lethal dose, true or false?
a. True
b. False
The ideal gas law summarized by the equation: \(PV = nRT\), can be used to calculate the volume of oxygen available in cylinders needed to be transferred for ventilated patients. Solve the ideal gas law for the volume \(V\).
a. \(V = P/nRT\)
b. \(V = Pn/RT\)
c. \(V = nRT/P\)
d. \(V = RT/nP\)
Solve the following equation for \(T_1\).
\[\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2} \nonumber\]
Solve the following equation for \(V\).
\[D = \frac{m}{V} \nonumber\]
Solve the following for \(c\).
\[2c + 9 = c + 14 \nonumber\]
Solve each of the following equations for \(m\):
a. \(\text{heat } = m \cdot \Delta T \cdot SH\)
b. \(D = \frac{m}{V}\)
A number is three times the difference between twenty and the number. What is the number?
Given that \(a = 1/b +2\). What is \(b\) in terms of \(a\)?
a. \(1/a +2\)
b. \(1/(2-a)\)
c. \(1/a - 2\)
d. \(1/(a+2)\)
e. \(1/(a-2)\)
How many pills of antibiotics are prescribed if a patient needs to take three pills every other day for 20 days?
If \((x-1)/3 = y\) and \(y = 2\), what is the value of \(x\)?
\(h = 3.0 a + 28.2\)
A pediatrician uses the model above to estimate the height \(h\) of a girl, in inches, in terms of the girl’s age \(a\), in years. Based on the model, what is the estimated height of a 2-year-old girl?
The number of nurses that joined the Gwinnett Medical Center between 2016 and 2020 is twice the number of nurses that joined the Center between 2010 and 2015. If 150 nurses joined the Center between 2016 and 2020 and \(x\) nurses joined between 2010 and 2015, which of the following equation is true?
a. \(150x = 2\)
b. \(2x = 150\)
c. \(x/2 = 150\)
d. \(x + 150 = 2\)
Write each of the following in correct scientific notation:
a. 750, 000
b. 0.0032
Interpreting graphs
Based on the graph below, the volume of a balloon at a temperature of 280 K would be ___ L.
The causes of the death (2, 189, 933 annually) in the US as compiled by the CDC are described in the graph below.
Identify the most significant cause of death annually.
a. Medical Error
b. Suicide
c. Heart Disease
d. Stroke
e. Diabetes