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Transesterification

  • Page ID
    5914
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    Transesterification is the conversion of a carboxylic acid ester into a different carboxylic acid ester.

    Introduction

    When in ester is placed in a large excess of an alcohol along with presence of either an acid or a base there can be an exchange of alkoxy groups. The large excess of alcohol is used to drive the reaction forward. The most common method of transesterification is the reaction of the ester with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst eg:

    transesterification1.png

    This reaction has the following mechanism:

    transesterification2.png

    Since both the reactants and the products are an ester and an alcohol, the reaction is reversible and the equilibrium constant is close to one. Consequently, the Le Chatelier’s principle has to be exploited to drive the reaction to completion. The simplest way to do so is to use the alcohol as the solvent as well.

    General reaction

    1.jpg2.jpg

    Mechanism in basic conditions

    Nucleophilic attack by an alkoxide

    3.jpg

    2) Leaving group removal

    4.jpg

    Mechanism in acidic conditions

    1) Protonation of the carbonyl by the acid. The carbonyl is now activated toward nucleophilic attack.

    5.jpg

    2) Nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl

    6.jpg

    3) Proton transfer

    7.jpg

    4) Removal of the leaving group

    8.jpg

    5) Deprotonation

    9.jpg

    Contributors

    Prof. Steven Farmer (Sonoma State University)


    This page titled Transesterification is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jim Clark.

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