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20.6: Key Terms

Last updated

Dec 12, 2022
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- 20.5: Amines and Amides
- 20.7: Summary

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Example and Directions
Words (or words that have the same definition)	The definition is case sensitive	(Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages]	(Optional) Caption for Image	(Optional) External or Internal Link	(Optional) Source for Definition
(Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...")	(Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity")		The infamous double helix	https://bio.libretexts.org/	CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen

Glossary Entries
Word(s)	Definition	Image	Caption	Link	Source
addition reaction	reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene.
alcohol	organic compound with a hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to a carbon atom
aldehyde	organic compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two hydrogen atoms or a hydrogen atom and a carbon substituent
alkane	molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds
alkene	molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond
alkyl group	substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure
alkyne	molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond
amide	organic molecule that features a nitrogen atom connected to the carbon atom in a carbonyl group
amine	organic molecule in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to one or more alkyl group
aromatic hydrocarbon	cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability
carbonyl group	carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom
carboxylic acid	organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached hydroxyl group
ester	organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached oxygen atom that is bonded to a carbon substituent
ether	organic compound with an oxygen atom that is bonded to two carbon atoms
functional group	part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule
ketone	organic compound containing a carbonyl group with two carbon substituents attached to it
organic compound	natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon
saturated hydrocarbon	molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms
skeletal structure	shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure)
substituent	branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain
substitution reaction	reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule

addition reaction | reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene.

alcohol | organic compound with a hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to a carbon atom

aldehyde | organic compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two hydrogen atoms or a hydrogen atom and a carbon substituent

alkane | molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds

alkene | molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond

alkyl group | substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure

alkyne | molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

amide | organic molecule that features a nitrogen atom connected to the carbon atom in a carbonyl group

amine | organic molecule in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to one or more alkyl group

aromatic hydrocarbon | cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability

carbonyl group | carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom

carboxylic acid | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached hydroxyl group

ester | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached oxygen atom that is bonded to a carbon substituent

ether | organic compound with an oxygen atom that is bonded to two carbon atoms

functional group | part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule

ketone | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with two carbon substituents attached to it

organic compound | natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon

saturated hydrocarbon | molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms

skeletal structure | shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure)

substituent | branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain

substitution reaction | reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule

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