20.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 421381
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| addition reaction | reaction in which a double carbon-carbon bond forms a single carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a reactant. Typical reaction for an alkene. | ||||
| alcohol | organic compound with a hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to a carbon atom | ||||
| aldehyde | organic compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to two hydrogen atoms or a hydrogen atom and a carbon substituent | ||||
| alkane | molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms connected by single (σ) bonds | ||||
| alkene | molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond | ||||
| alkyl group | substituent, consisting of an alkane missing one hydrogen atom, attached to a larger structure | ||||
| alkyne | molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond | ||||
| amide | organic molecule that features a nitrogen atom connected to the carbon atom in a carbonyl group | ||||
| amine | organic molecule in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to one or more alkyl group | ||||
| aromatic hydrocarbon | cyclic molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen with delocalized alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds, resulting in enhanced stability | ||||
| carbonyl group | carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom | ||||
| carboxylic acid | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached hydroxyl group | ||||
| ester | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with an attached oxygen atom that is bonded to a carbon substituent | ||||
| ether | organic compound with an oxygen atom that is bonded to two carbon atoms | ||||
| functional group | part of an organic molecule that imparts a specific chemical reactivity to the molecule | ||||
| ketone | organic compound containing a carbonyl group with two carbon substituents attached to it | ||||
| organic compound | natural or synthetic compound that contains carbon | ||||
| saturated hydrocarbon | molecule containing carbon and hydrogen that has only single bonds between carbon atoms | ||||
| skeletal structure | shorthand method of drawing organic molecules in which carbon atoms are represented by the ends of lines and bends in between lines, and hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are not shown (but are understood to be present by the context of the structure) | ||||
| substituent | branch or functional group that replaces hydrogen atoms in a larger hydrocarbon chain | ||||
| substitution reaction | reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule |